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主謂一致
【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
•掌握主謂一致的原則。
•掌握主謂一致應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
【前準(zhǔn)備】
•要求學(xué)生回憶有關(guān)主謂一致的具體應(yīng)用。
【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】
1\語(yǔ)法形式上的一致。
主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.意義上一致。
(1)主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞有people, police, audience等。
(2)主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上卻是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
形復(fù)意單(不可數(shù))的詞有：news, maths, physics等。
3.就近原則
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)，如there be句型或用連詞either...or...，neither...nor...,not only...but also等。
4.要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
(1)class, family, team, country, school等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果指整體，用單數(shù)；如果指每個(gè)成員，用復(fù)數(shù)。
如:His family are watching TV in the sitting room.
His family is very big.
(2)trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)它們與a pair of或pairs of連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與pair的數(shù)保持一致。
如：The pair of glasses fits you well.
Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.
(3)名詞性物主代詞后的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)，取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party.
Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown.
5.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。
如：r Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.
6.the+adj表示一類(lèi)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
如：The old are going to be looked after well.
7.and連接并列主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果指同個(gè)人，同一事物或同一概
念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí)and后面的名詞無(wú)冠詞。
如：A speaker and writer is coming tomorro(同一個(gè)人)
A speaker and a writer are coming tomorro(兩個(gè)人)
8.Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
用單數(shù)，其中A、B代表單數(shù)名詞。
9.The number of+...，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
A number of+...，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于a lot of。
如：The number of the students in our class is 50.
A number of students are learning Japanese no
10.在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致
Behind the house are some trees.
11.表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂
語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.
12.幾分之幾/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由后面的n/pron決定。而one of+n/pron作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten.
13.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場(chǎng)、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。
如：The doctor's is on the other side of the street.
14.表示“一段時(shí)間”“一段距離”“一些錢(qián)”的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用
單數(shù)。
如：Six miles is too far for an old man to walk.
15.關(guān)系代詞who, that, which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與先行詞
一致。
如：Those who want to go have signed their names here.
16.疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所表達(dá)的意思決定單
復(fù)數(shù)。如：
Who live next door? It's Zhang and Liu./Who lives next door? It's Liu.
【典型例題解析】
例1 The rich ________ not always happy.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
解析the + adj.表示一類(lèi)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，故選A。
例2 The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.
A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five
解析 每四年一次的奧林匹克往往看作復(fù)數(shù)。故選B。
例3 No one but her classmates ______it.
A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing
解析 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有but引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按but前面部分的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。故選B。
例4 解析表示一些錢(qián)的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，故選D。
例5 No bird and no beast _______ on the lonely island.
A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
解析 No...and no...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故選B。
【選講例題】
例6 Look, here come some _______.
A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow
解析 some后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只有deer,故選C。
例7 The number of students of this school ______ large.
A. are B. have not C. isn't D. aren't
解析 The number of+...，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選C。
【內(nèi)追蹤練習(xí)】
單項(xiàng)選擇
(B) 1.The singer and pianist _____ asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
(A) 2.A large number of students in our class _____ girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
(B) 3.The paper for books and new papers ______ made of wood.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
(B) 4.What we need _____ good textbooks.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
(D) 5.Each of the ______ in the ship.
A. passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room? C. passenger have their own room D. passengers has his own room
(B) 6.What you said ______the matter we are discussing.
A. have something to do at B. has something to do with
C. had something to do with D. has been something to do with
(B) 7.Not only my brother but also I _____ good at painting. Both of us _____good painters.
A. are...are B. am...are?C. is...is D. are...is
【復(fù)習(xí)小結(jié)】
? 1牢記主謂一致的原則。
? 2牢記主謂一致應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題及其用法。
【外鞏固練習(xí)】
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
(B) 8.Three-fourths of the homework ______today.
A. has finished B. has been finished?
C. have finished D. have been finished
(C) 9any people say 10,000 _______ a lot of money.
A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is D. dollar are
(A) 10.Nobody but two students ______ left in the classroom.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
(B) 11.The police _______soon.
A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come
(C) 12.ore than 60 percent of world's radio programs _______ in English.
A. is B. was C. are D. be
二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
13.Tom and I are (be) going to see a film this evening.
14.The doctor and writer has (have) been here for two years.
15.There is (be) a pen and three books on the desk.
16.y family all like (like) to watch TV.
17.He or she has (have) gone there.
18.The news is (be) very interesting.
19.Three days is (be) not enough for us.
20.Neither of us enjoys (enjoy) climbing the tree.
21.Every door and every window is (be) to be cleaned.
22.Tom's new trousers are (be) blue.
23.None were (be) late for school yester day.
24.A cart and horse is (be) coming.
25.Tom，like ary and Rose, has (have) an interesting book.
26.One of the windows is (be) closed.
27.All of my hope is (be) gone.
28.Everything goes (go) well with me.
29.Doing morning exercises is (be) good for your health.
30.What he said sounds (sound) reasonable.(有理的)
31.In the boat are (be) three young men.
32.“I” is (be) the ninth letter.
三、書(shū)面表達(dá)
假如你是李明，三峽中學(xué)學(xué)生。你的筆友Peter Rack信說(shuō)，他和家人今年暑假要參觀三峽大壩，游覽三峽后去上海。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一封回信向他們介紹他們北京后的交通及旅游路線，供他們參考。你和全家人歡迎他們，并到時(shí)在車(chē)站或機(jī)場(chǎng)接他們。the three Gorges(三峽)
(1)火車(chē)時(shí)刻表(北京站)
車(chē)次 49 438 408
始發(fā)時(shí)間 18：10 08：10 10：05
到宜昌時(shí)間 次日16：20 次日13：45 次日15：00
始發(fā)站 宜昌 柳州 懷化
備注 往宜昌 往宜昌
(2)航空時(shí)刻表
航班號(hào) 6435 78787
時(shí)間 周二、四、六 周三、四
離港 09：20 10：15
到港 11：40 12：35
起點(diǎn) 首都機(jī)場(chǎng) 重慶
終點(diǎn) 三峽機(jī)場(chǎng) 上海
(3)宜昌至重慶游船全天都有。
寫(xiě)作提示：這是寫(xiě)一封回信，因此開(kāi)始必須交待清楚“已收到對(duì)方信，并很高興……”。然后向?qū)Ψ秸f(shuō)清楚到北京后由空中怎樣到宜昌，由鐵路怎樣到宜昌，并提出你的建議。



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