一、學習目標：
知識目標：能正確使用Module 11中的單詞和短語；
能力目標：能理解并用英語表述大數；正確使用冠詞。
情感目標：通過了解發展中國家所面臨的問題，以及由此而產生的連帶后果，喚起學生們的憂患意識，并引發他們深思。
二、重點、難點：
重點：
1. 掌握短語along with, thanks to, add to, protect…from…的用法；
2. 冠詞的使用和英語大數的讀法。
難點：
1. add to和 add…to…, the number of和a number of的區別；
2. too many, too much和much too的用法；
3. 正確使用冠詞，準確用英語讀出大數。
三、知能提升
（一）重點單詞
［單詞學習］
1. population
【用法】n. 人口
（1）population是集體名詞，沒有復數形式，當它作主語，表示整體概念時，其后的謂語動詞用單數。如表示個體概念，即人口的百分之幾，幾分之幾作主語時，其后的謂語動詞用復數。
【例句】①The population of the world is growing too fast. 世界人口增長過快。
②About 80 percent of the population of China are peasants.
中國約百分之八十的人口是農民。
(2) 指人口的“多”或“少”時，一般用large或small.
【例句】①The population of China is larger than that of the USA.中國人口比美國人口多。
②The population of Japan is much smaller. 日本的人口要少得多。
（3）表示某國、某城市有多少人口時，要與of連用，其句式有兩種：
①The population of +某國（某城市）+ is…
②某國（某城市）has the/a population of…。有時，“有多少人口的城市”用a city with a population of…來表示。
【例句】①The population of Australia is 19,400,000. = Australia has a population of 19,400,000.
②Beijing is a city with a population of more than ten million.
(4)提問“有多少人口”時，需用特殊疑問詞what, 而不用how many 或how much。
【例句】What’s the population of this city? 這個城市有多少人口？
【考查點】人口的“多”或“少”的表達以及詢問人口有多少的句式。
【易錯點】人口的“多”或“少”誤用many或 few及用how many 與population搭配。
【考題鏈接】The experts think that India’s population may be _________ than China’s ________ 2020.
A. many, by B more, in C. larger, by
答案：C.
解題思路：此題考查人口的“多”或“少”的表達，由于題目中有than，要用比較級，故先排除A；而指“人口多”時要用large, 故選C。
2. increase
【用法】v. 增加，增大
【例句】The number of students has increased.學生的人數增加了。
注意：increase to … 增加到…… increase by 增加了……
【例句】The production of iron has increased to 120 million tons, which means that it has increased by 20%。
鐵的產量已增加到一億兩千萬噸，意思是說它增加了20%。
【考查點】increase to …和increase by的區別。
【易錯點】錯用介詞。
【考題鏈接】
棉花的產量增加了10%。The cotton output has ____________________________ 10%.
答案：increased by。
解題思路：此題考查“增加了”的翻譯，由于前面有has，所以increase要用其過去分詞形式，故寫為increased by。
3. crowd
【用法1】n. 人群
用作名詞時，其為集合名詞。作主語時，其謂語用單數(視為整體時)或復數(考慮到個體成員時)均可。
【例句】①The crowd moves on, and no one tries to stop it. 人群向前移動，誰也沒試圖阻止。
②The crowd were running in all directions. 人群往四面八方跑去。
強調人數多時，可用其復數形式。如：
There were crowds of people waiting to get in. 有許多人在等著進去。
【用法2】v. “聚集”、“擠滿”
【例句】①People crowded round to get a better view. 人們爭相圍觀。
②Shoppers crowded the streets. 買東西的人擠滿了大街。
常用結構 be crowded with
【例句】①The hall was crowded with people. 大廳擠滿了人。
②The exhibition was crowded with visitors. 展覽會擠滿了參觀的人。
此外，派生形容詞 crowded 意為“擁擠的”。如
crowded trains (hotels, roads, shops) 擁擠的火車(旅館，道路，商店)
【考查點】crowd不同詞性的用法。
【易錯點】詞性不同時意思不明確。
【考題鏈接】
When a bus comes, the ____________ at the bus-stop rushes and pushes to get on.
A. people B. crowd C. police
答案：B。
解題思路：此題考查名詞。由于句中所給謂語是rushes and pushes，用了單數，而people和police都是復數名詞，其謂語要用復數，故選B。
4. police
【用法】n. 警察
police是警察的統稱，包括policemen和policewomen，一般用作復數，作主語時，其謂語要用復數。如要表示“一個警察”，則用a policeman 來表達。
【例句】The police are looking for the robber.警察（方）正在尋找盜賊。
【考查點】詞意理解。
【易錯點】作主語時謂語誤用單數。
【考題鏈接】
The police _____________ searching for the thief everywhere.
A. was B. are C. is
答案：B。
解題思路：此題考查police的用法，其作主語時，謂語要用復數，故選B。
［即學即練］
①—________ is the population of your city? — About two million.
A. How B. What C. How many
②The police __________ looking for the man who killed someone last night.
A. is B. are C. will
③The things in the supermarket are very cheap, so it is always c______________.
④他們學校學生的數量已增加到了三千人。
The number of the students in their school has ____________________________ 3,000.
（二）重點短語
［短語學習］
1. along with
【用法】連同，跟……一起 (= together with)
along with相當于一個并列連詞，當其連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的數取決于充當主語的第一個名詞的數。與此用法類似的短語還有together with, as well as.
【例句】The teacher along with his students has gone to the concert.
那位老師連同他的學生一起看演唱會去了。
【考查點】along with連接并列主語時的用法。
【易錯點】不能確定其謂語的單復數。
【考題鏈接】
Look, the woman along with two girls ________ playing games in the park.
A. are B. is C. have been
答案：B.
解題思路：此題考查along with連接并列主語時的用法。由于 “A along with B ”這一結構作主語時, 謂語動詞的數取決于A的數的變化，故選B。
2. thanks to
【用法】“由于，多虧”（= because of）
這一短語中，thanks是名詞，to是介詞。
【例句】Thanks to the doctor, the boy was saved.多虧了醫生，那男孩得救了。
【考查點】短語本意。
【易錯點】誤以為thanks是thank you的意思。
【考題鏈接】
______________ the government’s efforts, our life is becoming better and better.
A. Instead of B. According to C. Thanks to
答案：C。
解題思路：此題意為“多虧了政府的努力，我們的生活正變得越來越好”，故選C。
3. add to
【用法】“增加，增添” （此處to為介詞，其后接名詞，代詞）
【例句】Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
焰火使節日之夜更加生色。
add…to… 把……加入到……
如：She added sugar to her tea. 她往她的茶里加了糖。
【考查點】add to與add…to…的區別。
【易錯點】add to與add…to…的意思混淆不清。
【考題鏈接】壞天氣更增加了我們的困難。
The bad weather only ______________________ our difficulties.
答案：added to。
解題思路：此題考查“增加了”的翻譯，故寫added to。
4. protect…from…
【用法】“保護……不受……侵害”（from后接名詞，代詞等作賓語）
【例句】It’s my duty to protect children from harm.保護孩子免受傷害是我的責任。
【考查點】短語本意。
【易錯點】不會靈活翻譯。
【考題鏈接】
He is wearing his sunglasses to __________ himself from the sun.
A. prevent B. stop C. protect
答案：C。
解題思路：此句意為“他戴太陽鏡使自己免受太陽光的侵害”，prevent和stop與from構成的是prevent/stop sb from doing sth.意為“阻止某人做某事”，故選C。
5. a number of
【用法】“許多”
【考查點】the number of和a number of的區別。
辨析：the number of和a number of：
the number of：“……的數量”，跟復數名詞連用作主語時，中心詞是number，其謂語動詞要用單數。
如：The number of students in our class is 50.
a number of: “許多”, 相當于many,修飾可數名詞的復數，作主語時，其謂語動詞要用復數；number前可用large
或small 等修飾，以表示程度。
如：A number of students are planting trees on the hill.
【易錯點】不明確the number of和a number of謂語的單、復數。
【考題鏈接】
The number of women teachers in our school ________ over forty.
A. is B. were C. are
答案：A。
解題思路：the number of跟復數名詞連用作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數, 故選A。
6. too much
【用法】“太多”
【考查點】too many, too much和much too的區別。
辨析：too many, too much和much too
too many：“太多”，其后接復數可數名詞。
如：There are too many people in the street.
too much：“太多”，其后接不可數名詞。
如：Don’t make too much noise.
much too: “太……，非常，極其”，其后接形容詞或副詞。
如：The car is much too expensive.
【易錯點】易混淆too many, too much和much too后所接的詞。
【考題鏈接】
You look __________ fat, so don’t eat ______________ sweet.
A. much too, too much B. too much, much too C. much too, too many
答案：A。
解題思路：fat是形容詞，先排除B，sweet在這里是“甜食”的意思，是不可數名詞，故選A。
［即學即練］
1. A number of students _____________ carrying water now.
A. is B. are C. were
2. There is ____________ noise and population in this area.
A. too many B. much too C. too much
3. We should protect animals ________ danger.
A. of B. to C. from
4. 隨同包裹寄來的還有一張賬單。
There was a bill ____________________ the parcel.
5. 就那事我想補充點什么。
I’d like ____________________ something ___________ that.
6. 多虧了你的幫助，我才可能按時完成這項工作。
_______________________ your help, I could finish the work on time.
（三）重點語法
［語法學習］
1. 冠詞：冠詞分不定冠詞a，an和定冠詞the共三個。
【用法】（1）不定冠詞：
不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，a用于以輔音(不是輔音字母)音素開頭的單詞前，an用于以元音(不是元音字母)音素開頭的單詞前。
例如：a boy，a university，a European country；
an hour，an honour，an island，an elephant，an umbrella
（2）不定冠詞的用法：
①泛指某一類人、事或物，這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法。
例如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.一頭大象比一匹馬大。
②用于第一次提到的可數的表示不特定的人或物的名詞之前。
例如：He bought a car last month. The car is red.他上個月買了一輛車，這輛車是紅色的。
③表示數量，有“一”的意思，但數的概念沒有one強烈。
例如：There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌上有一本書和兩支鋼筆。
④表示“每一”，相當于every.
例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天課。
⑤用在序數詞前，表示“又一”，“再一”。
例如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已有三本書，我想再買一本。
⑥用在某些固定短語中：a lot(of)許多，大量；after a while過一會兒
(3) 定冠詞的用法:
①特指某(些)人或某(些)物，這是定冠詞的基本用法。
②指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window，please.請打開窗戶。
③指上文已經提到過的人或事物。例如：I have a car. The car is red.我有一輛小汽車，它是紅色的。
④指世界上獨一無二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一個更大些，太陽還是地球？
⑤用在序數詞，形容詞最高級前。
例如：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一課是這本書中最簡單的一課。
⑥用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。例如，the Great Wall長城，the United States美國
⑦用在某些形容詞前，表示某一類人。例如:the poor窮人,the blind盲人
⑧用在姓氏的復數形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻倆
⑨用在方位詞前。例如:on the left在左邊，in the middle of在……中間
⑩用在樂器名稱前。例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天彈鋼琴。
⑾用在表示海洋，河流，山脈，群島及國家和黨派等名詞前。
例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River長江
⑿用在某些固定短語中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同時；by the way順便說；do the shopping/washing買東西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在戶外，在野外
(4)零冠詞的用法:
①在專有名詞和不可數名詞前。例如，Class Two二班，Tian’an Men Square天安門廣場，water水
②可數名詞前已有作定語的物主代詞（my，your，his，her等）、指示代詞（this/these，that/those）、不定代詞（some，any等）及所有格限制時。
例如，my book(正)；my the book(誤)
③在星期，月份，季節，節日前。例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Women’s Day在婦女節
(特例：如果月份，季節等被一個限定性定語修飾時，則要加定冠詞：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他是在1982年的春季參軍的。)
④在學科名稱，三餐飯和球類運動名稱前。例如：I have lunch at school every day.我每天都在學校吃午飯。
<特例：當football，basketball指具體的某個球時，其前可以用冠詞：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football？那只足球在哪兒？(指足球，并非“球類運動”)>
⑤某些固定短語中不用冠詞。
a. 與by連用的交通工具名稱前：by bus乘公共汽車；by car乘汽車；by bike騎/坐自行車；by train乘火車；by air/plane乘飛機；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠詞。
b. 名詞短語：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹；hour after hour時時刻刻；here and there到處。
c. 介詞短語：at home在家；in surprise驚奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time準時；for example例如；in class在上課；on show在展出；in bed在床上。
d. 與go有關的短語：go home回家；go to bed上床睡覺；go to school去上學；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚
(5)用與不用冠詞的差異:
in hospital住院/in the hospital在醫院里
on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上
in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(內部的)前面
take place發生/take the place(of)代替
at table進餐/at the table在桌子旁
two of us我們當中的兩人/the two of us我們兩人(共計兩人)
next year明年/the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一個人)/a teacher and a writer一位教師和一位作家(兩個人)
【考查點】冠詞的用法
【易錯點】不明確不定冠詞和定冠詞的用法。
【考題鏈接】He gave my sister ＿＿＿＿useful book yesterday.
A. an B. a C. / D. the
答案：B。
解題思路：useful的第一個音素為［ju］，故選B。
2. 大數的讀法：
迅速無誤識別數詞的前提是能夠流利地讀出數詞。先從兩位數讀起，然后練習讀三位和四位數乃至五位或六位以上的數詞。其中兩位和三位數的讀法是讀所有數詞的基礎。英文數詞中的每一個逗點的讀法也要牢記：一個逗點讀“thousand”，兩個逗點讀“million”， 三個逗點讀“billion”。還要弄清楚，每個逗點間由三位數組成。英文數詞中的第四位數、第七位數、第十位數是很關鍵的數位。
Examples：
1,234 讀作：one thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
4,567,809 讀作：four million, five hundred and sixty-seven thousand, eight hundred and nine
5,678,120,000 讀作：five billion, six hundred and seventy-eight million, one hundred and twenty thousand
［即學即練］
一. 用a, an, the填空:
1. We can’t live without_______ air.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. Let’s go and watch them play_______ chess.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. We are going to ____ Great Wall tomorrow.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
4. They often want people to move to _____ smaller cities.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
5. Population is ____ big problem for cities.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
二. 用英語寫出下列數字的讀法：
45,680,694 _________________________________________________________________________
6,598,435,567 _________________________________________________________________________
預習導學
上冊 Module 12 Summer in LA
一、預習新知
重點單詞：shorts, progress, arrange, book, provide
重點短語：give a warm welcome to, make progress, fill in, place of interest, take place
重點語法：主謂一致。
二、預習點撥
思考問題一：provide…for和provide…with各應如何使用？
思考問題二：at the end of, by the end of 與in the end的區別？
思考問題三：英語中的主謂一致有哪兩類？
同步練習
（答題時間：45分鐘）
一、單項選擇：
1. Liu Changchun is _______ first Chinese to join the Olympics.
A. a B. an C. the
2. The number 22,135 reads _______.
A. twenty-two thousands one hundred and thirty-five
B. twenty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-five
C. twenty-two thousands one hundred thirty-five
3. The population in this city has increased ________ 200% in the past 25 years.
A. to B. by C. with
4. Countries with large ______ should pay attention to the environment.
A. letters B. population C. people
5. China’s population is about 20_____ of the world’s population.
A. times B. person C. percent
6. There is ______ traffic and ______ people in the street at the moment.
A. too much, too many B. too many, too much C. much too, too many
（*）7 The teacher, along with some students, _________ a plan for the coming holiday.
A. have made B. has made C. are making
8. —______ is the population of China today? — It’s about one billion, three hundred million.
A. How many B. How much C. What
（*）—9. Is there a cat over there? —Yes, _______ cat is black and white.
A. a B. an C. the
（*）10. —Why are you standing outside the gate?
—My father _____ me wait for him.
A. kept B. told C. made
11. _________ the doctor, the boy came back to life.
A. Good luck to B. Thanks to C. Welcome to
12. An umbrella will protect you __________ the rain.
A. over B. to C. from
13. Government should build more hospitals to supply better care for people, and that means we need more ______ at the same time.
A. teachers B. doctors C. police
14. The police ________ looking for the man who killed someone last night.
A. is B. was C. are
15. The boy didn’t know what the population of China _________.
A. are B. was C. were
16. —Is the population of Sichuan __________ than Henan? — No, it’s __________.
A. more, fewer B. larger, smaller C. larger, fewer
（*）17. _________ my students are good at English.
A. The number of B. A number of C. a lots of
（*）18. —What do you think of the film?
—Wonderful. It’s _______ one I have ever seen.
A. a better B. a great C. the best
（*）19. The little boy wrote _______ “U” and ________ “N” on the wall.
A. a, an B. an, a C. a, a
20. _____ increasing population is _______ environment problem in many countries.
A. The, an B. An, the C. An, an
（*）二、完形填空：
This is a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago. While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves（賊）climbed into another room. It was very 1__, so they turned on the light. Suddenly they heard a _ 2___ behind them. “What’s up?” “What’s up?” someone __3__. The thieves turned off the light and _ _4__ as quickly as __5__.George heard the noise and came downstairs __6___. He turned on the light, __7__ he couldn’t see anyone. The __8__ were already gone. But George’s parrot（鸚鵡）, Henry, was still there.
“What’s up, George?” he called.
“Nothing, _ 9__,” George said and smiled. “Go back to __10__.”
1. A. black B. dirty C. bright D. dark
2. A. noise B. voice C. sound D. song
3. A. called B. told C. spoke D. sounded
4. A. fell off B. jumped C. ran away D. cried
5. A. they did B. they was C. they can D. possible
6. A. fast B. quietly C. slowly D. quickly
7. A. but B. and C. when D. or
8. A. friends B. birds C. thieves D. police
9. A. Tom B. parrot C. Henry D. my son
10. A. work B. reading C. sleep D. watching
(**)三、閱讀理解：
(A)
Confucius was born on September 28,551 BC. Chinese regard Confucius as the greatest thinker and also the greatest teacher. He had about 3000 students. For more than 2000 years, Confucius’ ideas have been around in people’s everyday life. Now they have gone far into east and south Asia. People can still hear them today.
Why are his ideas so popular? Because they help a lot in everyday life. Confucius said young people should take care of the old. People should give up thinking of themselves and work for others. As a great teacher, Confucius said all should go to school if they could.
1. Confucius was born on _______.
A. September 28,551AD B. September 28,551BC
C. December 28,551 BC D. December 28,551 AD
2. Confucius’ ideas have gone far into _____.
A. east and south Asia B. north and west Asia
C. east and south Africa D. north and west Africa
3. Confucius thought ______.
A. young people needn’t take care of the old
B. people should think of themselves
C. people should work for others
D. all the people could go to school
4. What do people think of Confucius?
A. The greatest leader and teacher. B. The greatest thinker and teacher.
C. The greatest leader and thinker. D. The greatest doctor and teacher.
5. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. All should go to school. B. The old and the young.
C. Work for others. D. Confucius and his ideas.
(B)
Light and shadow are friends. They usually go together. We receive light every day. At the same time, we produce shadow.
Light cannot shine through you. Your body stops it from passing. There is a dark spot on the ground next to you. The light cannot reach the dark spot. This is your shadow.
At noon the sun shines over your head. Your body stops very little light from reaching the ground.
We love light, especially sunlight. Without sunlight, life on earth is impossible. Most of us like to stand in the shadow of a tree in summer. But some people are afraid of their own shadow at night. They do not want to walk in a dark street. They do not want to see the shadow, either. But still light and shadow usually go together.
6. The sentence “Light and shadow are friends” means ____.
A. the shadow produce light
B. the light usually follows the shadow
C. they usually get on well with each other
D. when we get light, we can get shadow. They are always together.
7. Light cannot shine through you because _____.
A. it is too weak
B. your body stops it from traveling on
C. your body is tall and strong
D. there is a dark spot on the ground next to you
8. Your body’s shadow is long because ____.
A. the sun is low in the sky in the morning or late afternoon
B. the sun is over your head
C. the sunlight is very strong at noon
D. your body stops very little light reaching the ground
9. It is ____ in the shadow of a tree in summer; so many people like to stay there.
A. hot B. warm C. cool D. cold
10. Which of the following is not true?
A. There will be no shadow without light.
B. Shadow is produced when something stops the light from passing.
C. We produce light when we receive it.
D. Man, animals and plants have to live on sunlight.
四、單詞拼寫：根據句意及首字母完成單詞：
1. —What’s the p________________ of the city? —More than 1,000,000.
2. You can do what you want to do, but never follow the c_________________.
3. The price of most goods in the shop was cut down（削減）5 p______________. Many people went shopping there.
4. The restaurant’s turnover（營業額）has i___________________ by 23.5%.
5. It’s against the l____________ to steal.
6. Murder（謀殺）is a terrible c________________.
7. It’s the duty of the p___________________ to preserve（維護）the public order（公共秩序）.
8. His factory must pay 20,000 yuan in t_____________ every year.
9. It’s only your f______________. You played badly today.
10. Many old houses now have been converted（改換）into f____________ in that area.
五、根據漢語，完成句子：
1. 由于下了場大雨，今天涼快多了。
__________________ the heavy rain, it’s much cooler today.
2. 瑪麗已經和父母一起搬到巴黎去了。
Mary, __________________ her parents __________________________ to Paris already.
3. 你知道你們城市的人口是多少嗎?
Do you know ___________________________________________?
4. 帶上雨傘以免你被雨淋濕。
Take an umbrella to ________________________________________ the rain.
5. 世界上中國人口最多。
China has ________________________________________ in the world.
試題答案
一、1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A
7. B 解析：此句的謂語要根據along with前的主語The teacher來確定,故選B。
8. C
9. C 解析：第一次提到用不定冠詞，再次提到則要用定冠詞，故選C。
10. C 解析：“使某人做某事”是“make sb. do sth.”，故選C。
11. B
12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. B
17. B 解析：由于此句的謂語是復數are，先排除A，而C選項是錯誤表達，應為 a lot of，故選B。
18. C 解析：第二句意為“這是我看過的最好的（電影）”，故選C。
19. A 解析：“U”的發音是［ju:］，是以輔音音素開頭，故選a；而“N”的發音是［en］，是以元音音素開頭，故選an，所以答案為A。
20. C
二、1~5 D, B, A, C, D 6~10 D, A, C, C, C
三、(A) 1~5 BACBD (B) 6~10 DBACC
四、1. population 2. crowd(s) 3. percent 4. increased 5. law
6. crime 7. police 8. taxes 9. fault 10. flats
五、
1. Thanks to
2. along with, has moved
3. what the population of your city is
4. protect yourself from
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