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2012屆高考英語頂尖學(xué)案：外研版
odule 1　Small Talk　聊天
核心詞匯
1．The speaker r______________ to his past experience.
2．It is e____________ that the project will last four years.
3．Don’t miss this o____________；it may never come again.
4．His talk met with a warm r____________ .
5．Act c____________ in a job interview and you will have a better chance.
6．They live in poor ____________(境況)．
7．Her ability made her ____________(成功)in everything she does.
8．You should give the boy ____________(預(yù)先)warning before punishing him.
9．He later ____________ for his behavior and I accepted his ____________.(apology)
10．He wanted to __________ for the manager’s job and he was one of the 30________.He was anxious to get an _______ form.(apply)
1.referred　2.estimated　3.opportunity　4.reception,5.confidently　6.circumstances　7.successful　8.advance,9.apologized；apology　10.apply；applicants；application
高頻短語
1．________________　　把目光從……移開
2．________________ 因此；結(jié)果
3．________________ 使某人高興/振作起
4．________________ 知道
5．________________ 了解(到)；找到(信息)
6．________________ 交朋友；建立友誼
7．________________ 想起，回憶起
8．________________ 除此之外，另外
9．________________ 省去；刪去
10．________________ 炫耀
11．________________ 對……神經(jīng)緊張，害怕，膽怯，焦慮不安
12．________________ 犯使人難堪的錯誤，說錯話
13．________________ 帶頭，領(lǐng)先
1.look away from　2.as a consequence　3.cheer sb.up　4.be aware of　5.find out　6.make friends　7.think of　8.in addition　9.leave out　10.show off　11.(be)nervous about　12.put one’s foot in one’s mouth　13.take the lead
重點句式
1．________ to a man about himself，________ he will speak to you for hours!
和一個人談?wù)撍�自己，他會和你說上幾個小時！
2．I have a favour ________________.
我想請你幫個忙。
3．Her motto was“________________ I open my mouth，I put my foot in it.”
她的座右銘是“每當(dāng)我張口，就會講錯話。”
4．________________ 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
據(jù)估計，80%的英語對話是閑談。
5．Imagine a situation ________ two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room，or the café or party，etc.
設(shè)想這樣一種情形，在咖啡館或聚會等場合，雙方都認(rèn)識的人離開了房間，兩個陌生人開始交談。
1.Talk；and　2.to ask　3.Every time　4.It is estimated that　5.where
知識詳解
1.absence　n．　[U]缺乏，不存在，缺席
(回歸本P8)Esther Greenbaum’s major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk.
埃斯特•戈林鮑姆的主要缺點是她根本不會聊天。
11
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①The absence of air and water makes it impossible to live on the moon.
因為缺乏空氣和水，所以(人們)在月球上居住是不可能的。
②However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
然而，在缺乏母語環(huán)境的情況下學(xué)習(xí)作為外語的英語相當(dāng)困難。
③Every time after a long absence from school，I feel really stupid because I am a bit behind the others.
每次請過長假之后，我覺得自己笨了許多，因為比別人又落后了一些。
④In his absence I looked to see what was on his desk.
他不在時，我看了看他桌上有什么東西。
【即境活用】
1．(2010年江蘇啟東中學(xué))There being no witness on the spot，the police were delayed by the ________ of information about the crime.
A．a(chǎn)nalysis　　　　　　B．disappearance
C．a(chǎn)bsence D．consideration
解析：選C。考查名詞。句意：因為缺乏證人，警方因信息不足而耽擱破案。
2.完成句子
________________________________，r.Li is in charge.經(jīng)理不在時，一切由李先生負責(zé)。
答案：In the absence of the manager
2.apology　n．　道歉，致歉
(回歸本P8)“Oh，sorry，”said Esther without any apology.
“噢，對不起，”埃斯特毫無歉意地說。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①(朗P70)I must apologise for the delay in replying to your letter.未能及時復(fù)信，我必須向你道歉。
②The worker said that the boss must make an apology to him for the dirty words.
那工人說老板因為說了臟話而必須向他道歉。
③(牛津P78)We should like to offer our apologies for the delay to your flight today.今天航班誤點，敬請原諒。
【即境活用】
3.On yesterday’s interview，he didn’t make a(n) ________ at all；what’s the matter with him?
A．a(chǎn)pology　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)ppearance
C．difference D．change
解析：選B。make an apology道歉；make an appearance露面，在場；make a difference有影響，使不相同；make a change有所改動。句意：在昨天的面試?yán)铮�他根本沒露面，他是怎么了？
4．The captain ________ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A．made B．said
C．put D．passed
解析：選A。考查固定搭配。make an apology to sb.for(doing)sth.因(做了)某事而向某人表示歉意。
3.purpose　n．　目的；意圖
(回歸本P13)What’s the purpose of your visit to London?
你到倫敦的目的是什么？
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①(牛津P1609)The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
這本書旨在全面介紹這所大學(xué)。
②Did you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family，or for business purposes?
你到倫敦的目的是為了要看望家人還是為了公事？
③I haven’t got a pen，but a pencil will answer/serve the same purpose.我沒帶鋼筆，不過鉛筆也能起到一樣的作用。
④He stepped me on my foot on purpose，knowing it would annoy me.他故意踩了我的腳，知道這會激怒我。
【即境活用】
5.Forgive him，please.I don’t think he broke your ruler ________.
A．with care　　　　　　 B．on purpose
C．for fun D．with aim
解析：選B。句意：請原諒他吧，我覺得他不是故意弄壞了你的尺子。on purpose“故意地”。
6．(2010年湖北武漢調(diào)研)After the talk both sides got what they had wanted.It was a win-win ________.
A．guidance B．tournament
C．situation D．purpose
解析：選C。考查名詞辨析。It was a win-win situation表示“這是個雙贏的局勢。”guidance“指導(dǎo)”；tournament“比賽”；purpose“目的”。
4.imagine　vt.& vi.　想象
(回歸本P13)Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room，or the café or party，etc.
設(shè)想這樣一種情形，在咖啡館或聚會等場合，雙方都認(rèn)識的人離開了房間，兩個陌生人開始互相交談。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①I can’t imagine your working with such a boring man for as long as five years.
我很難想象你能與那樣一個無聊的人一起工作了五年。
②(朗P1033)I never knew my grandmother，but I always imagine her as a kind，gentle person.
我從未見過祖母，但我總把她想象成一個心地善良、和藹可親的人。
③(朗P1033)You can’t imagine what a terrible week we had.
你簡直想象不出我們經(jīng)歷了多么可怕的一個星期。
④In industry there is a view that Dongyirisheng design is always“beyond imagination”．
工業(yè)界有一種說法，東易日盛的設(shè)計一直都“超乎想象”。
【即境活用】
7．It is difficult to imagine him ________ the unfair decision without any consideration.
A．to accept　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)ccept
C．a(chǎn)ccepting D．a(chǎn)ccepted
解析：選C。imagine后面要接動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，即：imagine sb.doing sth.。
8.What difficulty do you imagine ________ had to get the title of iss Chinese International 2009?
A．she has B．has she
C．having D．her having
解析：選A。句意是：你能想象到她贏得2009華裔小姐稱號所受到的磨難嗎？這句話用的是“疑問詞＋do you imagine＋陳述句”語序。
5.in addition　除此之外，另外
(回歸本P3)In addition，you need to know how long you should stay，and when you have to leave.
另外，你要了解你應(yīng)該呆多久和應(yīng)該什么時候離開。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①In addition to the names on the list，there are six other applicants.除了名單上的名字之外，還有6個申請人。
②(朗P21)The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and，in addition，there are several self-catering apartments.
旅館本身能容納80位客人，除此之外，還有幾個可供自己做飯的套房。
【即境活用】
9.The visiting Americans are also interested in Chinese food ________ Chinese culture.
A．in addition　　　　　　 B．except
C．in addition to D．except for
解析：選C。句意為：訪的美國人除了對中國化感興趣，他們還對中國食物感興趣。通過also一詞可知，句中有“除……之外還有”之意，且Chinese culture作賓語，排除A、B、D。except for表示“先從整體上說，然后再指出其中的一兩點毛病”。
10．________ mountains of homework，students today are busy with all kinds of activities.
A．In addition to B．In spite of
C．As long as D．Instead of
解析：選A。句意是：當(dāng)今的學(xué)生除了堆積如的作業(yè)外，還要忙著參加各種各樣的活動。此處要用In addition to表示“除……之外還有……”。
6.leave out　遺漏；漏掉；省略；忽略
(回歸本P10)Notice how certain words are left out in informal conversation.
注意一下某些詞在非正式交際語中是如何被省略的。
【歸納總結(jié)】
【例句探】
①You can leave out the parts of the story that are not interesting.你可以把故事中無趣的部分省略。
②In your written work，you left out an important detail，so you couldn’t score a high mark.
在你的書面表達中，你漏掉了一個重要細節(jié)，因此你不能得高分。
③Leave him alone—he obviously doesn’t want to talk about it.不要打擾他，他顯然不想談這事。
④Before we went on a journey，we left the cat with my cousin.我們出去旅行前托堂兄照看我們的貓。
【即境活用】
11．The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling the story.
A．bring out　　　　 B．let out
C．leave out D．make out
解析：選C。句意：老師進一步強調(diào)讓學(xué)生們在復(fù)述故事時不要漏掉任何重要的細節(jié)。bring out闡述；使明白；let out發(fā)出；泄露(秘密等)；leave out遺漏；make out理解；辨認(rèn)出。
12.Leave me ________ of this quarrel，please—I do not want to get involved.
A．off B．a(chǎn)lone
C．over D．out
解析：選D。句意為：請別把我拉入這場爭吵中——我可不想牽連進去。leave out遺漏，忽略；leave off停止；leave sb./sth.alone別打擾某人/某事；leave over留下。由題意選D。
句型梳理
1.【教材原句】　In fact，she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication，and as a consequence，she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth.(P8)
實際上，她從就沒有學(xué)會社交的基本規(guī)則，因此，每次張嘴都會犯與之相關(guān)的錯誤。
【句法分析】　every time在上的句子中作連詞使用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
①I get a different answer every time I add these figures up.
每次我把這些數(shù)字加起，就會得到一個不同的答案。
(1)以名詞短語的形式出現(xiàn)，用引導(dǎo)狀語從句的短語還有：the moment，the instant，the minute，the second，any time，next time，the first time，the last time，the day，the month，the week，the year，the morning，the afternoon等。
②She came to the scene the instant she heard the news.
一聽到消息她就到了現(xiàn)場。
③The moment the result came out，she told us.
結(jié)果一出，她就告訴了我們。
(2)immediately，instantly，directly等詞也可以用作連詞連接兩個句子，表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，相當(dāng)于as soon as。
④I came directly I got your message.
我一接到你的消息就了。
⑤ake sure the property you are buying is insured immediately you exchange contracts.
一交換合同，就應(yīng)該立刻給所購房產(chǎn)買保險。
【即境活用】
13．The woman will think of her own child ________ she ________ these little children.
A．every time；sees　　　　
B．each time；will see
C．next time；see
D．a(chǎn)ll time；sees
解析：選A。every time為特殊連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。主句用將時，從句用現(xiàn)在時表將。
14.You can have the book ________ I finish reading it.
A．so that B．because
C．unless D．the moment
解析：選D。句意：我一讀完這本書你就可以看了。the moment在此用作連詞，相當(dāng)于as soon as。
2.【教材原句】　But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask，particularly if you clearly show you’re aware of cultural differences，they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. (P11)
雖然沒有幾位美國人會擔(dān)心你可能問到的問題，尤其是如果你明顯地表現(xiàn)出你是了解化差異的，但是他們在問你類似的問題之前也許會猶豫不決。
【句法分析】　(1)本句中的while...引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然……但是……”。如：
①While I admit that the problems are difficult，I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
雖然我承認(rèn)這些問題很難，但我不同意說解決不了它們。
②While I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person.
雖然我承認(rèn)他并不完美，但我確實喜歡這個人。
③While they are my neighbours，I do not know them well.
盡管他們是我的鄰居，我對他們了解得并不多。
(2)while還有“當(dāng)……的時候”；“而”；“只要”的意思。
④I hurt my leg while playing football.
我踢足球時把腿弄傷了。
⑤We know usually women stay at home and do all the housework while men go out to work.
我們知道，通常女人們在家里做家務(wù)，而男人們則外出工作。
⑥While there’s life，there’s hope.只要活著就有希望。
【即境活用】
15．(2010年東臨沂第二次模擬考試)This study shows that ________language may differ，the order in which young kids learn the parts of speech appears to be the same across different languages.
A．since　　　　　　　B．so
C．while D．but
解析：選C。句意：研究表明，雖然各種語言之間存在差異，但是小孩子學(xué)習(xí)說話的順序好像在不同的語言中是一樣的。while表示“雖然”。
16.—Are you ready for Spain?
—Yes，I want the girls to experience that ________ they are young.
A．while B．until
C．if D．before
解析：選A。句意：——你準(zhǔn)備好去西班牙了嗎？——是的。我想讓這些女孩子趁著年輕的時候去感受一下西班牙。
3.【教材原句】　If you’re not sure what to talk about，you can ask what people do.(P11)
如果你拿不準(zhǔn)該談?wù)撌裁磧?nèi)容，你可以問人們從事的職業(yè)。
【句法分析】　what to talk about在此處作賓語。
“疑問詞＋不定式”句型結(jié)構(gòu)時，疑問詞可用who，what，which，when，where及how，后接不定式構(gòu)成不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語、賓語、表語。注意沒有why to do形式。
①When to start has not been decided.
什么時候出發(fā)還沒確定。
②He didn’t knohether to go or not.
他不知道是否該去那兒。
③The difficulty was how to cross the river.問題是怎樣過河。
④I can tell you where to go.我可以告訴你去哪兒。
⑤I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
【即境活用】
17．(2010年高考遼寧卷)—It’s no use having ideas only.
—Don’t worry.Peter can show you ________ to turn an idea into an act.
A．how　　　　　　 B．who
C．what D．where
解析：選A。句意：——只是有想法沒有用。——別擔(dān)心，Peter會向你展示如何將想法付諸行動的。本題考查疑問代詞和疑問副詞接不定式的用法。根據(jù)題意選how。
18.I’ve worked with children before，so I knohat ________ in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expecting D．expects
解析：選B。此處用“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“我知道新工作希望我做什么”的意思。


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