高二英語(yǔ)必修五學(xué)完之后，我們要對(duì)它的各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)，這樣才能更好地復(fù)習(xí)這本書(shū)的內(nèi)容，下面小編為打擊提供高二英語(yǔ)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。
詞匯：
Unit 1:
1. put forward: 提出(計(jì)劃、建議等);將…提前;把鐘表?yè)芸?/p>
e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他為這項(xiàng)工程提出了一個(gè)好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點(diǎn)半舉行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把鐘表?yè)芸焓昼姟?/p>
【詞語(yǔ)聯(lián)想】
Ø put away: 收起來(lái);貯存，儲(chǔ)蓄
Ø put down: 放下;寫(xiě)下，記下
Ø put off: 推遲;延期
Ø put on: 穿上;增加;上演(戲劇)
e.g. put on weight: 增加了體重
put on a new play: 上演新戲劇
Ø put up: 張貼;撐開(kāi)(帳篷)
e.g. put up a poster: 張貼海報(bào)
put up a tent: 搭起帳篷
2. conclude: v. 作結(jié)論，斷定
e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定他有罪。
conclusion: n. 結(jié)論
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
★ draw a conclusion 作出結(jié)論
3. defeat vt.打敗, 擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝; 使(希望, 計(jì)劃等)失敗, 挫敗; 阻撓, 使無(wú)效
e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最終承認(rèn)了失敗。
◆ 區(qū)別: defeat, conquer, overcome
Ø defeat 指“贏得勝利”, 尤其指“軍事上的勝利”,
e.g. defeat the enemy 打敗敵人。
Ø conquer指“征服”、”戰(zhàn)勝”,特別指“獲得對(duì)人、物或感情的控制”,如:
e.g. conquer nature 征服自然。
Ø overcome指“戰(zhàn)勝”、“壓倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如:
e.g. overcome difficulties 克服困難。
4. attend: v.
1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席;參加
e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他決定親自赴會(huì)。
2) to look after, care for, serve 照顧;看護(hù)。
e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你?
3)to go with 伴隨
e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 這項(xiàng)工作帶來(lái)許多困難。
5. expose...to...
e.g. Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long.
不要使你的皮膚暴露在太陽(yáng)光下太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire.
他們不得不冒著敵人的炮火。
6. blame sb. for sth. 因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人
e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake.
★ be to blame: 應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任
Who is to blame for the mistake?這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰(shuí)?
7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相當(dāng)于 besides, what's more
e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元。
In addition to English, he has to study a second language.
除了英語(yǔ)以外，他還要學(xué)習(xí)第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)。
◆ 區(qū)別: in addition to, except, besides,beside
Ø in addition to：除…之外，還有…，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 這家公司為員工們提供帶薪假期，還有免費(fèi)午餐。
Ø except: 除…之外，表示在整體中排除，
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了請(qǐng)柬.
Ø besides表示“除了……以外，還有……”，與in addition to 同義，
e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides him.我們都同意, 他也同意。
Ø beside : 在…旁邊。表示方位。
e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁邊。
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
1)He speaks French as well as English.
e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job.
e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job.
8. announce: 公布;宣告
e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的決定。
9. absorb v.
1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海綿吸水。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
2)專(zhuān)心于
★ be absorbed in sth: 專(zhuān)心的，全神貫注的
The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 這個(gè)小姑娘正在全神貫注的閱讀一篇故事。
10. challenge n.挑戰(zhàn); 挑戰(zhàn)書(shū); 邀請(qǐng)比賽; 要求決斗
vt. 向...挑戰(zhàn), 要求, 懷疑 ; vi. 挑戰(zhàn), 對(duì)(證據(jù)等)表示異議
e.g. meet the serious challenge 面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)
Unit 2:
1. consist of = be made up of 由……組成 (沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí))
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 區(qū)別:
Ø separate ... from (把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來(lái))
Ø divide...into 把…分開(kāi) (把整體分為若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;闡明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
★ link A to B 將A和B連接起來(lái)
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 參考;查閱;詢(xún)問(wèn)
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 關(guān)系到;關(guān)乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 參考 e.g. reference books 參考書(shū)
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名詞” 表 “令某人……”
常見(jiàn)的名詞有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語(yǔ);不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (會(huì)談)破裂，失敗;(汽車(chē)等)出故障;(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣;(情感)失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.
Ø break in 闖入;打岔
Ø break off 中斷，折斷
Ø break into 闖入
Ø break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生
Ø break up 驅(qū)散;分散，拆散
11. as well as 不僅…而且;既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便;便利
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
convenient: adj.
13. attraction:
1). 吸引;引力(不可數(shù) n.)
2). 吸引人的東西;喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的東西;精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù) n.)
e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?
attract: v.
14. influence
1) v. 對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響
e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可數(shù)n. 產(chǎn)生影響的人或事
e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可數(shù)n.) 影響
e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
Unit 3:
1. impression n. 印記;印象;感想;后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 從句;
e.g. My first impression of him was favourable.他給我的第一印象不錯(cuò)。
I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我覺(jué)得他們不滿(mǎn)于當(dāng)時(shí)的狀況。
知識(shí)拓展：impress v.給……留下深刻的印象;使銘記;使感動(dòng);常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth.給……留下深刻的印象;使銘記;
It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她記得我的名字。
2. remind v.提醒;使想起;常用結(jié)構(gòu)有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事;remind sb.+(that)/wh-從句 提醒某人……;使某人想起……;remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意識(shí)到……;提醒某人某事
e.g. I'm sorry, but I've forgotten your name, can you remind me? 很抱歉，我記不起你的名字，你能提醒我一下嗎?
You remind me of your father when you say that. 你說(shuō)這樣的話(huà)使我想起了你的父親。
知識(shí)拓展：reminder n.提醒物;引起回憶的事物
3. constantly adv.始終;一直;重復(fù)不斷地
e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.時(shí)尚總是日新月異。
知識(shí)拓展：constant adj.連續(xù)發(fā)生的;不斷的;重復(fù)的;
4. previous adj.先前的;以往的;(時(shí)間上)稍前的
e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job. 這一工作無(wú)需相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
I couldn't believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，我不敢相信;我就在前一天還見(jiàn)到過(guò)他。
知識(shí)拓展：previously adv. 先前的;早先
e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel. 這座樓房早先曾用作旅館。
5. bend v.(bent bent)彎曲;使彎曲;彎腰;彎身;常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事;bend sb.to sth. 迫使;說(shuō)服 bend the truth 歪曲事實(shí)
e.g. It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把鐵棒弄彎很不容易。
She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下頭吻了她的女兒。
6. press v. 壓;按;推;擠;堅(jiān)持;敦促 n. 報(bào)章雜志，新聞工作者，新聞界
e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手絹捂住鼻子。
She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油門(mén)踏板。
He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍堅(jiān)持索賠。
The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭審謝絕新聞采訪。
7. switch n. & v. 用作名詞表示“開(kāi)關(guān);轉(zhuǎn)換”。用作動(dòng)詞表示“轉(zhuǎn)換”。
e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 第一個(gè)孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改為非全日工作。
Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. 按這兩個(gè)鍵就可以在屏幕上的文件之間進(jìn)行切換。
I can't work next week, will you switch with me? 下個(gè)周末我不能上班，咱倆換個(gè)班好不好?
8. lack n. & v. 用作名詞，表示：“缺乏;短缺”;用作動(dòng)詞，表示：“缺乏;短缺;沒(méi)有;不足”。
e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金錢(qián)/技能
The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. 因?yàn)槿狈εd趣這次旅行被取消了。
He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。
知識(shí)拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏;沒(méi)有;匱乏;不足
9. surroundings n.[pl.] 環(huán)境;surround v. 圍繞;環(huán)繞 surrounding adj. 周?chē)?附近的
e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人都喜歡在愉快的環(huán)境中工作。
啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考問(wèn)題，哪些單詞用作名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式?
10. catch/gain/get sight of 發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出
Ø lose sight of 看不見(jiàn),忘記
Ø lose one's sight 失明
Ø at first sight 一見(jiàn)就;乍看起來(lái) At first sight, the problem seems easy.
Ø at (the) sight of 一看見(jiàn)就…… At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.
Ø be in sight 看得見(jiàn)，在眼前 The island is still in sight.
Ø out of sight 看不見(jiàn) Out of sight, out of mind.
11. take up
to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用(時(shí)間);占據(jù)(空間)
to learn to or start to do sth 開(kāi)始做(某項(xiàng)工作);開(kāi)始從事
to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受(建議或能得到的東西)
e.g. The table takes up too much room. 這張桌子太占地兒。
They have taken up golf. 他們學(xué)起打高爾夫球來(lái)了。
She took up his offer of a drink. 他請(qǐng)她喝一杯，她接受了。
He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要開(kāi)始履行職責(zé)。
12. sweep up 打掃;清掃;橫掃;涌向;快速地抱起
e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把將孩子抱進(jìn)懷里。
Unit 4:
1. concentrate vi. 聚精會(huì)神，集中思想，多與 on 和 upon 或連用 Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。
e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.
開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)駕駛員的注意力要集中在路上。
Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.
這個(gè)國(guó)家的西部正集中發(fā)展工業(yè)。
2. acquire vt. 獲得, 學(xué)到，取得，擁有 acquired, acquiring
e.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.
她認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)而精通英語(yǔ)。
Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.
抽煙喝酒往往是一種后來(lái)習(xí)得的嗜好，并不是生來(lái)就有的。
3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指責(zé)，指控 accused, accusing
e.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他謀殺。
She accused him lying. 她指責(zé)他說(shuō)謊.
He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他誤遭控告犯偷盜罪.
4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, ... = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...
e.g. This is a matter of great importance. 這是一件非常重要的事。
The book is of great value to me. 這本書(shū)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有很大價(jià)值。
There is nothing interesting/of interest in today's newspaper.
今天報(bào)紙上沒(méi)有什么新鮮事。
5. journalist n.新聞?dòng)浾?新聞工作者
e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位專(zhuān)門(mén)的新聞從業(yè)人員
6. delighted a. 高興的, 快樂(lè)的
e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很高興。
【詞語(yǔ)聯(lián)想】
delight n. 高興, 愉快 ; vt. 使高興, 樂(lè)于; vi. 感到高興(或愉快、快樂(lè))
e.g.Singing is her chief delight. 唱歌是她的主要愛(ài)好。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
Ø take delight in 喜愛(ài), 以...為樂(lè)
Ø find delight in 喜愛(ài), 以...為樂(lè)
Ø have delight in 喜愛(ài), 以...為樂(lè)
Ø to sb.'s delight 令人高興的是...
7. assist n. 幫助, 協(xié)助; vt. 幫助, 促進(jìn); vi. 協(xié)助, 參加
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ) 】
Ø assist sb. with sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
Ø assist sb. to do sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
Ø assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
◆ 區(qū)別: help, aid, assist 都含"幫助"、"援助"的意思。
Ø help 系常用詞, 意義較aid, assist 強(qiáng), 指"以積極態(tài)度給予各方面的幫助", 強(qiáng)調(diào)"受助者得到幫助或好處", 并著重"受助者對(duì)幫助的需要"
e.g. Please help me arrange these papers.
請(qǐng)幫我整理這些文件。
Ø aid 屬較正式用語(yǔ), 強(qiáng)調(diào)"幫助受助者脫離困難或危險(xiǎn)", 有時(shí)意味著"強(qiáng)者援助弱者"
e.g. They aided flood victims.
他們?cè)馐芩疄?zāi)的災(zāi)民。
Ø assist是正式用語(yǔ), 多指"在提供幫助時(shí), 幫助者起次要或起協(xié)助作用"
e.g. She assisted him in his experiments.
她協(xié)助他做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
8. case n. 情況，事實(shí)
e.g. Is that the case?是這么回事嗎?
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
Ø a hard case 無(wú)可救藥或頑固不化的人; 難對(duì)付的人、處境困難或可憐的人、難辦的事; 難治之癥、古里古怪冒冒失失的家伙
Ø as is often the case 這是常有的事
Ø in any case 無(wú)論如何, 總之
Ø in case of 萬(wàn)一..., 如果發(fā)生...
Ø in no case 決不
Ø in that case
Ø in this case 假如這樣的話(huà)
Ø It is not the case… 情況不是這樣; 并非事實(shí)。
Ø This is not the case… 情況不是這樣; 并非事實(shí)。
Ø That is not the case… 情況不是這樣; 并非事實(shí)。
Ø just in case 以防(萬(wàn)一)
Unit 5：
1. first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 給予傷員的急救。
短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想
give/offer aid 援助 come to sb's aid 幫助某人
teaching aids 教具 medical aid 醫(yī)療救護(hù)
with the aid of 借助于
get injured 受傷，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中大量地出現(xiàn)了由“get + 及物動(dòng)詞不達(dá)意的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這叫 get - 型被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。又如：
The computer got (was)damaged when we were moving. 我們搬家的時(shí)候，電腦碰壞了。
My bike is getting (is being)repaired row. 我的自行車(chē)正在修理。
2. Protect 動(dòng)詞，“保護(hù)、維護(hù)”，用于句式“protect + 名詞 + against/from + 名詞”。例如：
e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他帶著太陽(yáng)鏡以擋強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光。
【短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想】
Ø Keep... from... 不讓/避免
Ø stop... (from) ... 阻止
Ø prevent...(from) ... 妨礙/防止
Ø disable... from... 使……失去(能力/資格)
Ø save... from... 挽救、拯救
3.depend on 取決于。例如：
e.g. The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少取決于你住哪里。
詞義拓展
depend on 依靠，依賴(lài)：His family depends on him. 他的一家人全靠他養(yǎng)活。
依賴(lài)，信任：We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday. 我們相信你在星期五前能完成這項(xiàng)工作。
4. squeeze 動(dòng)詞，意思是“榨取”、“擠出”，例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子
常用句式
squeeze + 名詞 + out(of/from) + 名詞，例如：
e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.
那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多的錢(qián)。
over and over again 再三地。例如：
I’ve told you over and over again not to do that.
我再三告誡你不要那樣做。
5. hurt 既可作及物動(dòng)詞，作“傷害”、“使受傷”解，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表達(dá)身體的受傷，也可以表達(dá)情感的傷害。例如：
e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself. 小男孩從梯子上摔了下來(lái) 受了傷。
The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司機(jī)在事故中受了傷。
6. unless 除非……;如果不……。如：
7. icy adj. 冰涼的
-y 是個(gè)形容詞后綴。如：
windy 有風(fēng)的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的
greeny 略呈綠色 spicy 辛辣的 woody 樹(shù)木茂密的
thirsty 饑渴的 dirty 臟的 snowy 下雪的
8. in place 放在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤健Ｈ纾?/p>
e.g. The librarian put the returned books in place. 圖書(shū)管理員把還回的圖書(shū)放到原處。
Yon'd better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. 你最好把你的東西各就各位，不然很難找。
9. sense n. 感覺(jué)
Ø sense of touch 觸覺(jué) sense of sight 視覺(jué)
Ø sense of hearing 聽(tīng)覺(jué) sense of smell 嗅覺(jué)
Ø sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感
Ø sense of hunger 饑餓感 the sixth sense 第六感
10. variety n. 多樣, 種類(lèi),
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
★ a variety of… 各種各樣……
【詞語(yǔ)聯(lián)想】
various a. 不同的, 各種的, 多方面的, 許多的
e.g. Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons.
由于種種原因,每個(gè)人赴會(huì)都遲到了。
語(yǔ)法：
一、過(guò)去分詞
過(guò)去分詞兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語(yǔ)或受狀語(yǔ)修飾。過(guò)去分詞和賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。它在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。這節(jié)課講解作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)的用法。
1. 作定語(yǔ)
作定語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面;過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，一般放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，常見(jiàn)的有：
delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或具有的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn);被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(狀態(tài))
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(動(dòng)作)
I'm interested in chess.(狀態(tài))
3. 過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)
①表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可加連詞 when 或 while 來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
從山頂上看，這個(gè)城市就像一個(gè)大花園。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入黨以后，他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè)。
②表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
由于太累了，孩子們馬上就睡著了。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來(lái)從事斗爭(zhēng)。
③表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可用 if 等詞。
Heated, water changes into steam.
如果加熱的話(huà)，水會(huì)變成水蒸氣。
Given another chance, he will do better.
再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。
④表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。
⑤表伴隨，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
被學(xué)生包圍著，那位老教師走進(jìn)了教室。
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
教練出現(xiàn)了，身后跟著五條狗。
倒裝句：
一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副詞置于句首, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。
Then came the chairman. 主席來(lái)了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
二、否定詞置于句首，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行倒裝。
· nor, neither 放句首
Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不會(huì)游泳，我也不會(huì)。
· 用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等詞開(kāi)頭的句子。
Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是誰(shuí)。
Seldom was he late for class.他很少上學(xué)遲到。
·用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我剛到車(chē)站,火車(chē)就離開(kāi)了。
No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她剛離開(kāi),電話(huà)就響了。
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師來(lái)，他才完成作業(yè)。
三、用于 only 放句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句的句子。
Only in this way can you master English well. 只有這種方法，你才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。
Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪個(gè)時(shí)間，他才做作業(yè)。
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.
直到他告訴我，我才意識(shí)到我有了什么樣的麻煩。
省略句：
一、省略的目的
省略多見(jiàn)于非正式文體，尤其在對(duì)話(huà)中，省略是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象。英語(yǔ)中的省略一般說(shuō)來(lái)有三個(gè)目的：
1.避免重復(fù)，減少累贅
省略的主要目的是避免重復(fù)，去掉不必要的累贅和繁瑣。
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day.
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't.
邁克說(shuō)他第二天要來(lái)學(xué)校看我，但是他并沒(méi)有來(lái)。
(省掉最后九個(gè)詞，句子簡(jiǎn)潔了許多)
2.連接緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊
省略也是使上下文緊密連接的一種修辭手段。
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.
約翰是 1994 年的獲勝者，鮑勃是 1998 年的獲勝者。
(Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得比較緊湊)
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)，突出信息
省略的另一作用是突出新的信息
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理講話(huà)聲太低，虛偽講話(huà)聲太高。
(后一分句省略謂語(yǔ) speaks，突出了 too loud)
二、句子成分的省略
為了避免重復(fù)，或者為了使某一內(nèi)容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變。
1.省略主語(yǔ)
Beg your pardon.請(qǐng)你原諒。
(= I beg your pardon.))
Serves you right. 你活該
(= It serves you right.)
2.省略謂語(yǔ)
Anything the matter? 要緊嗎?
(= Is anything the matter?)
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)
3.省略表語(yǔ)
Are you ready? Yes,I am.
你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?我準(zhǔn)備好了。
(am 后面省略了表語(yǔ) ready)
4.省略賓語(yǔ)
We have to analyze and solve problems.
我們必須分析問(wèn)題并解決問(wèn)題。
(analyze 后省略了賓語(yǔ) problems)
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.
我們洗碗吧，我來(lái)洗，你來(lái)揩干。
(wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語(yǔ) dishes)
5.省略定語(yǔ)
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.
他花了一部分錢(qián)，其余的都存了起來(lái)。
(the rest 后面省略了定語(yǔ) of the money)
6.省略狀語(yǔ)
(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.
即使最聰明的人也不可能無(wú)所不知。
省略在句子中的應(yīng)用
在一個(gè)句子中，省略可分為依賴(lài)上下文省略和不依賴(lài)上下文省略?xún)煞N。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
1.簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略
依賴(lài)上下文的省略在對(duì)話(huà)中最為常用。
Like more beer?
再要點(diǎn)啤酒嗎?
(= Would you like more beer?)
—World you mind if I used your telephone?
用一下你的電話(huà)，你介意嗎?
—Not at all. 一點(diǎn)也不。
(= I do not mind at all.)
—Will he pass this examination?
他這次考試會(huì)通過(guò)嗎?
—Probably. 大概會(huì)的。
(= He will probably pass the examination.)
不依賴(lài)于上下文的省略。
All aboard! 請(qǐng)上船。
(= All go aboard.省略謂語(yǔ))
Haven't seen you for ages!
好久不見(jiàn)了!(省略主語(yǔ) I)
What about having a game of chess?
下盤(pán)棋怎么樣?
Sounds like a good idea.
聽(tīng)上去是個(gè)好主意。
2.并列句中的省略
(=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主語(yǔ))
Everybody appears well prepared.
看起來(lái)大家都準(zhǔn)備好了。
(= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be)
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重復(fù)。通常被省略的可以是主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或其他萬(wàn)分，或句子萬(wàn)分的一部分。
省略出現(xiàn)在后一分句
John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.
約翰喜歡集郵但不喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。 (省略主語(yǔ))
省略出現(xiàn)在前一分句
We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match.
我們能夠，而且一定會(huì)在明天的比賽中獲勝。(前一分句省略謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ))
前后兩個(gè)分句都出現(xiàn)省略
They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.
復(fù)合句中的省略
在主從復(fù)合句中，活力的現(xiàn)象是很普遍的。
省略主句的句首部分。
(I'm)Sorry I couldn't go.
很抱歉，我不能去。
省略整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分(回答問(wèn)題時(shí)常用)。
(It is a)Pity he's failed.
很遺憾，他失敗了。
If he says he'll come, he will(come).
3.在一些狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 be，主語(yǔ)又和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，或者主語(yǔ)是 it，常常可以把從句中的主語(yǔ)和 be 省略掉。
以 when, while, once, until 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.
入國(guó)問(wèn)禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
4.在比較從句中通常把和主句重復(fù)的部分省掉。
省略謂語(yǔ)的全部
James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.
詹姆斯比蘇姍更喜歡戲劇。
Tom has as many books as Jack.
湯姆有跟杰克一樣多的書(shū)。
省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分
Brown speaks French as fluently as English.
布朗說(shuō)法語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)一樣流利。(as 后省略了 he speaks)
省略表語(yǔ)部分
Mrs White is not so young as she looks.
懷特夫人沒(méi)有看上去那樣年輕。(looks 后省略了 young)
省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的大部分，保留狀語(yǔ)
He is working harder than before.
他現(xiàn)在工作比過(guò)去努力多了。(than 后省略了 he worked hard)
省略主語(yǔ)
He drank a little more than was good for him.
他喝酒稍有一點(diǎn)過(guò)量。(than 后省略了 it)
省略賓語(yǔ)
You spent more money than I had expected.
你花掉的錢(qián)比我預(yù)料的多。
(expected 后省略了that you should spend)
省略從句的全部
You are getting slimmer.
你越來(lái)越苗條了。(simmer 后省略了than you were before)
主句和從句中可同時(shí)省略一些成分。
The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).
上面為大家提供的高二英語(yǔ)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解，全面總結(jié)了高二英語(yǔ)中重要的單詞，詞組、短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)幫助作用巨大，希望大家好好利用。
本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.lg566.com/gaoer/108132.html
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