1. diet:
(1) n[c].sort of food that is usually eaten by a person, community, etc; limited variety or amount of food that a person is allowed to eat, e.g. for medical reasons or in order to lose weight.日常飲食；規定食譜（如為治療疾病或減輕體重）
e.g.
A balanced diet is good for our health. 均衡的飲食對我們的健康有好處。
My daughter doesn’t like a rich diet. 我女兒不喜歡油膩的飲食。
(2) vi. (be allowed) to eat only some foods or a little food, especially to lose weight.只（準）吃某類食物或少量食物；（尤指為減輕體重）節食
e.g.
I advise you to diet and take more exercise. 我建議你節食并多鍛煉身體。
(3)常用短語：
be on a diet/go on a diet節食
e.g.
The doctor said I should be on a diet. 大夫說我應該節食。
She decided to go on a low-fat diet from this Monday. 她決心從本周一開始進行低脂肪的飲食療法。
(4)辨析：food和diet
二者均表示食物; 但food是一般用語，指任何可吃的東西，diet通常指維持健康的特定或定量的飲食；diet是可數名詞，food是不可數名詞，但在強調種類時為可數名詞。
e.g.
Many westerners like Chinese food.許多西方人喜歡中國食物。
Dad didn’t want my little sister to go on a diet though she was very heavy then.爸爸不想讓我的小妹妹減肥盡管她那時很胖。
構詞解析：
diet: n 飲食，日常食物 ；dieter: n 接受食物療法的人；減肥者；dietary: adj 飲食的，規定飲食的
Practice
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
1. She didn’t eat much dinner because she is on a diet now.
________________________________________________
2. The doctor told him to take a fat-free diet
________________________________________________
Key for reference
1．她這頓飯沒吃多少，因為她現在正在節食。
2．大夫讓他進行無脂飲食療法。
2. fit:
(1).adj. in good health, especially because of regular physical exercise; suitable or suited for sb/sth; good enough for sb/sth. 健康的；適宜的；合適的
e.g.
Don’t you feel fit? 你身體狀況不好嗎？
The water isn’t fit to drink.這水不適合喝。
(2). vi, vt to be the right size and shape for someone or something; to put a small piece of equipment into a place, or a new part onto a machine, so that it is ready to be used合適；安裝
e.g.
This jacket fits her well.她的夾克非常合身。
She fitted a new lamp in her bedroom.她在臥室安裝了一盞新燈。
(3)常用短語：
keep fit 保持健康
be fit for.../be fit to do...適合做......
e.g.
My grandfather keeps fit by taking a walk every day. 我祖父通過每天散步來保持健康。
What kind of job is he fit for? 他適合做什么樣的工作？
(4).詞語辨析：fit 和suit
①fit作動詞時，多指大小、形狀合適，吻合；suit多指合乎需要，合（某人）之意，或（衣服、型式等）與......相配。
②fit 作形容詞時，可與suitable（合適的）互換，be fit for/to do...=be suitable for/to do...。
e.g.
Try this key and see whether it fits. 試試這把鑰匙，看看是否合適。（指the key 和the keyhole是否吻合）
I’m afraid this time doesn’t suit me. 恐怕這個時間對我來說不合適。
構詞解析：
fit, vt vi合適；adj.合適的；n 合身；合身的衣服；fitness, n, 適當，適合；健康；unfit adj.不適當的；vt.使不適當
Practice
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Her jeans suit a little bit tighter. ________
2. The color of the shirt doesn’t fit you.__________
Key for reference
1. suit改成fit，（她的牛仔褲有點緊）
2. fit 改成suit（這件襯衫的顏色不適合你）
3. rare. adj. not often happening or seen, etc; unusual稀有的；珍貴的
rarely adv, not often, seldom 很少；難得
rarely和hardly, never, little, none, nothing等詞一樣，屬于否定意義的詞，表否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時，后面的句子應該部分倒裝，即主語要放在be動詞、情態動詞、助動詞的后面。
e.g.
Snow is quite rare in my hometown.在我的故鄉下雪是罕見的。
We should protect rare animals. 我們應該保護珍稀動物。
It is rare for her to wear skirts. 她很少穿裙子。
I rarely watch TV now. 我現在很少看電視。
He is rarely late.他很少遲到。
Rarely does she eat meat. 她很少吃肉。
Rarely do I drink wine these days. 這些天來，我很少喝酒。
構詞解析：
rare, adj, 罕見的；稀有的；rarely, adv, 很少；難得；rareness, n, 稀有；珍奇；（空氣等的）稀薄
拓展：
表示頻率的副詞：always總是，usually 通常，frequently/ often經常，sometimes 有時，occasionally 偶爾，seldom/ rarely 很少，never 從不
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1. I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset.
____ ____ ____ seen such a beautiful sunset.
2. He is rarely ill. ____ ____ ____ ill.
Key for reference
1. Rarely have I
2. Rare is he.
4. toothache n.[c, u] pain in a tooth or teeth. 牙痛
e.g.
I’ve got a toothache.我牙痛。
He had a bad toothache.他的牙痛得厲害。
構詞解析：
ache (n) 疼痛，和表示身體部位的單詞結合構成復合詞，例如：
a headache頭痛，(a) toothache 牙痛，(a) backache 背（腰）痛，(an) earache 耳痛，(a) stomachache 胃痛
Practice
Put these sentences in the right order to make up a dialogue.
A.P: I must see the dentist（牙醫）now, nurse.
B.N: I’m afraid he can’t. Can’t you wait till this afternoon?
C.P: That’s very late. Can the dentist see me now?
D.N: The dentist is very busy at the moment. Can you come at 2. p.m.?
E.P: I can wait, but my toothache can’t!
1. _____ 2. ______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
Key for reference
1. __A___ 2. __D_ 3. __C__ 4. ___B__ 5. __E___
5. unhealthy adj. not having or not showing good health；harmful to health不健康的；有害健康的。
e.g.
That is an unhealthy diet. 那是不健康的飲食。
The air in this area is unhealthy for people.這地區的空氣對人們的健康不利。
構詞解析：
unhealthy. adj. 不健康的; health. n [u] 健康; healthy. adj.健康的
Practice
Complete the following sentences
1.They are well fed so they are very _______. (健康的) .
2.My grandmother enjoys good _______（健康）though she is over 80.
3.Many children in this village look thin, pale and ________.（不健康的）
Key for reference
1. healthy 2. health 3. unhealthy.
6．wealthy adj. having wealth, rich 富裕的；有財產的
e.g.
She wants to marry a wealthy man. 她想嫁一個有錢人。
My goal in life is not to be wealthy because true wealth comes from good health. 我生活中的目標不是變得富有，因為真正的財富來源于好的健康。
構詞解析：
wealthy. adj. 富有的; wealth. n.[u] 財富 a wealth of...大量的......
Practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.知識就是財富。
________________________
2.他哥哥是個富裕的生意人。
_________________________
Key for reference
1. Knowledge is wealth.
2. His elder brother is a wealthy businessman.
7．anxious.
(1)adj. feeling anxiety; worried; uneasy ; strongly wishing sth, eager for sth. 憂慮的，不安的；渴望的
e.g.
She is very anxious about her mother’s health.她很擔心母親的健康狀況。
We are anxious for your safe return. 我們盼望你平安歸來。
(2)常用短語：
be anxious about/for...為......擔心
be anxious for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事
be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事
e.g.
These students were anxious to know the result of the exam.這些學生急于知道考試成績。
Sophia was anxious for all her friends to attend her birthday party.索菲婭盼望她所有朋友參加她的生日聚會。
構詞解析：
anxious. adj. 憂慮的；渴望的; anxiety. n. 憂慮，不安；渴望; anxiously. adv. 憂慮地；渴望地
Practice
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.Ken is anxious to see his girlfriend.
___________________________________________
2.“Are you all right?” she asked anxiously.
___________________________________________
3.I am anxious about her safety.
___________________________________________
4.His great anxiety for knowledge led him to work hard.
___________________________________________
Key for reference
1．肯渴望見到他的女朋友。
_______________________________
2．“你還好嗎？”她擔心地問道。
_______________________________
3．我擔心她的安全。
_______________________________
4．他強烈的求知欲促使他努力學習。
_______________________________
8．injure.
(1) vt. hurt (sb); harm 使受傷；傷害
e.g.
Luckily, he was only slightly injured in this accident.幸運的是，他在這次事故中只受了一點輕傷。
I hope I didn’t injure your feeling.我希望我沒有傷害你的感情。
(2) 定冠詞(the) + 形容詞(adj.)表示一類人或事物，因此，the injured表示“受傷的人`”
e.g.
The number of the injured amounted to over 100. 受傷人數總計一百多。
構詞解析：
injure vt 傷害，受傷; injury. n. 傷害，損害; injured. adj. 受傷的，受損害的
詞語辨析：
hurt，injure，harm，damage和wound
hurt 普通用語，既可指肉體上的傷害，也可精神上，感情上的傷害。
e.g.
The driver hurt himself badly in the accident.那位司機在那次事故中傷得很重。
injure比hurt正式，hurt多指傷痛，而injure則指損害健康，成就，容貌等，強調功能的損失。
e.g.
A bullet injured his left eye.一顆子彈傷了他的左眼。
harm用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可，有時可指引起不安或不便，還可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。
e.g.
Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的燈光下看書，以免損害眼睛。
damage主要指對于物的損害，強調對于價值，用途，外觀等所造成的損失，這種損失或因自然災害所致，或因人為造成。
e.g.
He damaged my car with a stone.他用石頭砸壞了我的汽車。
wound指槍傷，刀傷，刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的，嚴重的傷，特指戰場上受傷，它可以指肉體上的傷害，也可指人們精神上的創傷。
e.g.
The bullet wounded his arm.子彈打傷了他的一只胳膊。
Practice
Complete the following sentences
1. This strong earthquake _______（使受傷）many people in Japan.
2. At least seven people _______ _______ （受傷的）in this explosion.
3. He became disabled as a result of an _______ （傷害) that year.
4. All 21 ________ (受傷的人)were sent to hospital immediately.
Key for reference
1. injured 2. were injured 3. injury 4. injured
9. pain
(1) n suffering; great discomfort of the body or mind疼痛；痛苦
e.g.
The boy was crying with pain.這男孩正因為疼痛而哭著。
The young man broke his arm and cried with pain.那個年輕人摔斷手臂，痛得大叫。
固定結構：
be in pain處于疼痛中
e.g.
She is in great pain.她深為痛苦。
(3).vt. to cause to feel pain in the mind, hurt. 使疼痛；使痛苦
e.g.
It pains me to have to leave, but I must.不得不離開，我很痛苦，但是我必須這樣。
My foot is still paining me.我的腳還在痛。
(4) pains. n. 辛苦；努力
常用句型：
take pains to do sth: to make a special effort to do sth, or to be very careful in doing sth.不辭勞苦做某事
e.g.
She took great pains to lose weight. 她煞費苦心得減肥。
構詞解析：
pain. n; vt. 疼痛；使痛苦; painful. adj. 引起痛苦的；使疼痛的; painless. adj. 無痛的; painfully adv. 疼痛地；痛苦地; painkiller n.止痛藥; painstaking adj. 不辭勞苦的
詞語辨析：
pain，ache和hurt
這三個詞都和疼痛有關。ache和pain多作名詞, hurt只能作動詞。
作動詞時，hurt多用作不及物動詞，作及物動詞時，表示"（外物）傷害（某人）；使疼痛”；ache為不及物動詞，指“(人)身體疼痛”，往往用于持續的疼痛或因一些小病引起的感覺；pain為及物動詞，指“（肉體或精神上的）痛苦、悲痛”，比ache要嚴重些。
e.g.
My injured arm hurts a lot.我受傷的胳膊很疼。
The shoes are tight and hurt my feet.這雙鞋很緊使我的腳感到疼痛。
His back pains him much. 他的背很痛。（非外物導致，故本句不宜用hurt）
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1.I have a pain in my head
I have a _______________.
1.She has an earache.
She has _____ ______ ______ ________ _______.
Key for reference
1.headache
2.a pain in his ear.
10. normal
(1)adj, according to what is expected, usual or average; (of a person) developing in the expected way. 正常的，標準的；智力正常的
e.g.
He is a normal child in every way.他在各方面都是一個正常的孩子。
Weeping is a normal response to pain.哭泣是痛苦的正常反應。
(2).常用短語及句型：
above/below normal 高出/低于正常水平
return to normal/ be back to normal 恢復正常
It is normal for sb to do sth做某事對某人來說是正常的
e.g.
Her temperature is above normal.她的體溫高于正常標準。
Everything has returned to normal after the earthquake.地震過后，一切已經恢復了正常。
It’s perfectly normal to get depressed sometimes. 有時候心情低沉是完全正常的。
構詞解析：
normal. adj. 正常的; normalize. v. 使正常化；使標準化; normally. adv. 通常，一般情形(usually）; normality n. 正常，常態; normalization. n. 標準化；正常化; abnormal. adj. 反常的；不正常的
Practice
Multiple choice.
1. Train services are now back to ____ after last week’s strike(罷工).
A. normal B. normally C. normality D. normalize
2. The factory now is running ____ again.
A. normal B. normally C. normality D. normalize
Key for reference
1. A 2. B.
11．lifestyle n. [c.] [u] a way of living, a way of life.生活方式
e.g.
He has the right to choose his own lifestyle. 他有權選擇自己的生活方式。
構詞解析：
lifestyle是life(生活)和style(方式)構成的合成詞，又如：
hairstyle(hairdo) 發型 lifetime 生涯；終生 lifeboat 救生艇 etc.
Practice
Translate the following compounds into Chinese.
1. lifelike 2. lifelong 3. life-sized 4. lifeguard 5. lifework
Key for reference
1. 生動的，栩栩如生的 2. 終生的，一生的 3.與實物大小一樣的4. 救生員 5. 終身事業
12．breathe
(1) vt. vi. .to take (air, gas, etc, ) into the lungs and send it out again.呼吸
e.g.
Fish cannot breathe out of water.魚離開了水無法呼吸。
The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and breathe out slowly.
醫生告訴我先深吸一口氣然后慢慢呼出來。
He became ill after breathing (in) coal dust for many years.
因常年吸入煤粉，他病了。
(2)常用短語：
breathe in 吸入；吸氣
breathe again/freely （緊張后）松一口氣
“breathe”的名詞形式”breath”可構成以下短語：
take a deep breath 做一次深呼吸；hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸；save one’s breath 不要白費唇舌；waste one’s breath 浪費唇舌；lose one’s breath 喘不過氣來 ；out of breath/ short of breath喘不過氣來
構詞解析：
breathe v 呼吸；喘氣；breath. n. 呼吸；氣息；breathless. adj. 喘不過氣的；提心吊膽的
Practice
Translate the following into Chinese.
1.He ran so fast that he was out of breath.
_______________________________________
2.Let’s go out and breathe the fresh air.
_______________________________________
3.The patient’s breath grew stronger.
_______________________________________
4.He took a deep breath and jumped into the water.
_______________________________________
Key for reference
1.他跑的太快以至于喘不過氣來。
2.咱們出去呼吸新鮮空氣吧！
3.病人的呼吸強些了。
4.他深吸了一口氣，然后跳入水中。
Ⅱ. Background
A Sound Way
Develop a sensible approach (1) to eating. There are several steps you can take for a healthy food attitude (2):
1. Eat slowly
2. Eat at regular times
3. Hold your between-meal snacking (3) to a minimum (4)
4. Choose a mix of nutritious (5) foods
5. Pick lower-fat options (6) when you can, such as low-fat milk instead of whole milk.
6. Watch the size of your portions (7) (not too much or too little)
7. Resist (8) going back for additional (9) food
8. Keep away from fast foods
9. Keep healthy snacks like fruit in your room
10. Replace (10) empty-calorie soft drinks with water or other healthier drinks
Eat breakfast
Health experts (11) warn that your memory and IQ (12) get lower if you don’t eat in the morning for some time. It is a bad habit that will plant a bad seed in your body and you will pay for it in your later years. Remember, eating well in the morning will give you enough energy for the day; otherwise your study and work efficiency (13) will lower.
Avoid gaining (14) weight
Good habits like a balanced diet, regular exercise and getting enough sleep are good for you. They can also help you stay healthy and avoid problems later. Adopting (15) some simple practices can have a big influence (16) today and years from now.
Avoid bad habits
Take control of your lifestyle. Limit the amount of alcohol (17) you drink. Never make excuses for excess drinking. Good communication skills and a wide human network have nothing to do with excess drinking. If you do drink, do it in small amounts (18).
Excess drinking will not only lead to health problems, but to a lower mood (19) whenever you face any problems. And it can’t help solve the problem you may have.
Smoking is another bad habit, just like drinking. Although some people say cigarettes can, to some degree, reduce the stress (20) and make them manly, cigarettes can also destroy your appetite. Smoking can make exercise and even normal activity such as walking across school or climbing stairs more difficult? Not to mention causing heart and lung problems and increasing your risk of cancer. Many smokers who give it up find they have more energy, so do not think that smoking is interesting.
注解：
(1).明智方法 (2).態度 (3).小吃 (4).最小程度 (5).營養的 (6).選擇
(7).（食物的）一份 (8).抵制 (9).額外的 (10).替代 (11).專家 (12).智商 (13).效率 (14).增加 (15).采用 (16).影響 (17).酒 (18).數量 (19).情緒 (20).壓力
Ⅲ.Language Study
1. When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on she eyed him anxiously.
=When Zhou Kai’s mother saw him walking towards the front door, she looked at him worriedly because he didn’t wear his jacket.
媽媽看到周凱沒穿夾克就向前門走去，擔心地盯著他。
(1) head vi. vt. to go or make something do in a certain direction走向，朝......方向前進；使......朝......方向前進
e.g.
We headed the boat out to sea. 我們把船駛向外海。
----Where are you heading for?
----Shanghai.
----你去哪里？
----上海
He is heading for trouble. 他會遭遇麻煩的。
He realized that he was heading in the wrong direction.
他意識到他正朝錯誤的方向走。
(2) without a jacket on: not wearing a jacket, 沒穿夾克，其中on 是副詞，表示“穿戴著”。
with(without)+名詞（代詞）+分詞（形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語），表示一種伴隨狀態，在句中作狀語。
e.g.
The young man walked in with a hunting dog following him.
這個年輕人走了進來，后面跟著一條獵犬。
Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要滿嘴食物說話。
He ran out without shoes on.他沒穿鞋子跑了出來。
The boss had a hard time with many tough problems to solve. 有很多棘手問題要解決，這位老板日子很難過。
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她眼含淚水說再見。
Practice
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. They are heading home.
_________________________________________
2. She was heading towards the post office.
_________________________________________
3. We managed to get it back without her knowing.
_________________________________________
4. Johnson bought a magazine with many pictures in it.
_________________________________________
Key for reference
1. 他們朝家的方向走。
2. 她正朝郵局走去。
3. 我們設法把它放回去，沒讓她知道。
4. 約翰遜買了一本雜志，里面有很多圖畫。
2. You can at least go and get your jacket.
=If you insist on going out to play football, go and get your jacket.
你至少可以去拿上你的夾克衫。
at (the) least 至少 at (the) most 至多 not (in) the least(not at all) 一點也不
e.g.
you should at least have a try.至少你應該試一試。
The boy is at most ten years old.這男孩至多十歲。
----Do you mind if I smoke?
----No, not in the least.
----我吸煙你介意嗎？
----不，一點也不。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Even if you cannot help him，you can give him encouragement at least．
__________________________________________________________
2. The book will cost me at least 10 dollars.
__________________________________________________________
3. You are not disturbing me in the least.
__________________________________________________________
4. ----Are you cold?
----No, not in the least.
__________________________________________________________
Key for reference
1．就算你不能幫助他，至少你可以鼓勵他。
2．這本書至少要10美元。
3．你一點也沒有打擾我。
4．----你冷嗎？----一點也不冷。
3. My mother has always made sure we eat very healthily.
=My mother has always tried her best so that we can have a healthy diet.
我媽媽總是想方設法讓我們吃得健康。
make sure: to find out if something is true or check that something has been done; .to do something so that you can be certain of the result把某事請弄清楚；.確保
常用結構：
make sure of ....
make sure (that)...
make sure to do...
e.g.
He said he would do anything he could to make sure of my happiness.他說他將盡其所能來確保我的幸福。
Mother made sure that she had turned off all the lights before she went to bed. 母親在睡覺前確定她已經關掉了所有的燈。
Make sure to lock the door before you go out.出去之前一定要鎖上門。
拓展：
be sure of 和be sure that一樣，主語是人， 主語感到“有把握；確信”； be sure to do的主語可以是人，也可以是物， 表示說話人推測“一定；必然會”。
e.g.
I'm sure of winning the game. 我有把握能贏得比賽。
We’re sure that he will be back soon.我們確信他會很快回來。
Sally is sure to refuse him. 沙莉一定會拒絕他的。
This movie is sure to relax you.這部電影一定會讓你放松的。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1請你查明他是否回來了，好嗎？
_______________________________________
2到達時，你一定要給我打電話。
_______________________________________
3他一定會成功。
_______________________________________
4這些故事一定會逗笑她的。
_______________________________________
Key for reference
1 Will you make sure of his return?
2 Make sure that you phone me when you arrive.
3 He is sure to succeed.
4 These stories are sure to amuse her (make her laugh).
4．I don’t have a sweet tooth.
= I don’t like eating sweet or sugary things.
我不愛吃甜食。
have a sweet tooth: like eating sweet or sugary things.愛吃甜食
e.g.
I have a sweet tooth. 我愛吃甜食。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. I had a "meat tooth."
________________________
2. He has a running nose.
________________________
Key for reference
1.我偏愛肉類食物。
2.他流鼻涕。
5. I’d rather eat a nice piece of fruit.
=I prefer to eat a nice piece of fruit.
我寧愿吃一片美味的水果。
(1) would rather do sth: prefer to do sth 寧愿做做某事
e.g.
I would rather give up this chance.我寧愿放棄這次機會。
He would rather go there on foot.他寧愿步行去那里。
Which would you rather do, go to the cinema or go for a meal? 你寧愿做什么，去看電影還是去吃飯？
拓展：
(2) would rather do ... than do ... 寧愿做......而不愿做......
e.g.
I would rather take a bus than take a taxi.我寧愿坐公交車也不愿坐計程車。
(3) would rather sb did sth 寧愿某人做某事
e.g.
She would rather her friend came on Sunday. 她寧愿她的朋友星期天來。
I would rather you didn’t smoke in my room.我希望你不要在我的房間吸煙。
(4) rather than而不是（通常連接兩個并列結構）
e.g.
I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷飲，不想喝咖啡。
I’d prefer to go in summer rather than in winter. 我寧愿夏天去，也不愿冬天去。
She would take more exercise rather than go on a diet. 她寧愿多做運動也不愿節食。
Practice
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Lisa would rather arriving home late than stay in a hotel.____________
2. I would rather she gives me a book. ____________
3. He would rather starting off early tomorrow morning. ____________
4. I would rather say sorry to him than lost a good friend.____________
Key for reference
1.arriving 改成arrive
2.gives 改成gave
3.starting改成start
4.lost 改成lose.
5.I was stupid enough to play football in the rain.
= I was so stupid that I played football in the rain.
我真是夠蠢的，居然在雨中踢足球。
adj (adv) + enough (+for...) to do... 表示“足夠......”
e.g.
This house is big enough for us to live in.這房子給我們住是夠大了。
The book is easy enough for my daughter to read.這本書很容易，我女兒可以讀得懂。
You are old enough to decide by yourself. 你已經大到可以自己做決定的年齡了。
They can’t walk fast enough to catch up with us. 他們走得不夠快，不會趕上我們。
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1. I was so foolish that I believed him.
→I was ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.
2. I wish you could speak very clearly so that we can understand what you say.
→I wish you could ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.
Key for reference
1.foolish enough to believe him
2.speak clearly enough for us to understand your words
6. Two years ago I broke my arm playing football.
= Two years ago I broke my arm when I was playing football.
兩年前我在踢球時胳膊骨折了。
playing football是現在分詞短語，在句中作狀語，表示時間。分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。
e.g.
Being a doctor, I must be responsible for my patients.作為一名醫生，我必須對我的病人負責。（being a doctor表原因）
“What a beautiful garden it is!” said the girl, looking out of the window. 看著窗外，女孩說“多么漂亮的花園啊！”（looking out of the window表伴隨狀況）
Practice
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
1. Bob knocked into a tree when he was walking in the street.
→Bob knocked into a tree ____ ____ ____ ____.
2. “Did you see a kite just now?” the boy pointed to the sky and asked me.
→“Did you see a kite just now?” the boy asked me ____ ____ ____ ____.
Key for reference
1.walking in the street
2.pointing to the sky
7. be crazy about... (be mad about...) ：be wildly exited about...; be enthusiastic about... 對......著迷；為......而瘋狂
e.g.
He is crazy about playing computer games. 他對電腦游戲著迷。
My younger brother is crazy about the pretty girl. 我弟弟為這個漂亮女孩而神魂顛倒。
拓展：
drive sb crazy 使某人氣得發瘋
like crazy 發瘋似地；以驚人的氣勢
e.g.
The noises are driving me crazy. 這些噪音讓我發瘋。
These people worked like crazy. 那些人瘋狂地工作。
Practice
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.那些男孩瘋狂迷上了那個歌手。
_______________________________
2.瑪麗熱衷于彈鋼琴。
_______________________________
Key for reference
1.Those boys are crazy about the singer.
2.Mary is crazy about playing the piano.
ⅣGrammar Exploration
語法：本單元的語法項目是一般將來時(The future simple tense)和名詞轉化為動詞
1.一般將來時表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態
Zhou kai, you’ll get ill.
I’ll buy you a toy.
My sister’s going to see you off.
will和be going to都可以用來表達將要發生的事情，區別如下：
(1).單純談到將來的事情，沒有主觀因素，可用will.
It will become warm when spring comes.春天到來，天氣將會變暖。
I will be twenty next month.下個月我就20歲了。
(2).表示說話人的推測，用will.
She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了這藥，她就會好的。
That will be your house.那是你的家吧。
(3).表示一種傾向，用will.
Each time he comes to Beijing, he will visit the Great Wall.每次他來到北京，他都要游覽長城。
Without water, man will die.沒有水人會死。
(4).表示說話時決定馬上要做的動作（多半是聽了對方的花園后所做出的反應），用will.
A: My chest hurts when I breathe.我呼吸時，胸部疼痛。
B: Lie down please, and I’ll examine you.請躺下，我給你檢查一下。
(5).表示經過事先考慮或安排后的意思,即“打算做某事”，用going to do.
My friend is in hospital now, but he is going to come out tomorrow. 我朋友現在醫院，但是他明天就要出院了。
She has borrowed some books from the library. She is going to make a careful study.她從圖書館借了一些書。她打算好好作番研究。
(6)在口語中，表示將要發生的事情時，多用be going to .
What’s going to happen? 將要發生什么事？
Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening? 明天晚上有聚會嗎？
(7)表示根據已有的、并被注意到的跡象將要發生的事情
They are going to miss the train.他們要趕不上火車了。（說話者注意到他們出發時已經太晚了）
Look at those dark clouds; it’s going to rain.看那些烏云，要下雨了。
(8).be going to可用于表示將來時間的條件狀語從句，will卻不能。
If he is going to participate in the competition, he’d better get prepared.如果他打算參加這個競賽，他最好做好準備。
If we are going to start early, 5 o’clock is ok. 如果我們計劃早出發，5點就可以。
(9).will 可用于表示意愿、拒絕等的條件狀語從句中。
If Tom won’t come, we will lose the game.如果湯姆不愿意來，我們將輸掉這場比賽。
If he will do something useful, he will save the boy.如果他愿意做些有益的事，他會就這個男孩的。
Practice
Multiple choice
1.---- Write to me when you get home
---- ____.
A. I am going to B. I will C. I should D. I can
2. That ____ be Dr. Wang’s clinic. Let’s go and have a look.
A. is going to B. will C. is not going to be D. will not.
Key for reference
1. B 2. B.
2.名詞轉化為動詞
很多表示物件、身體部位或某類人的名詞可以用作動詞，某些抽象名詞也可用作動詞。名詞和動詞在轉化時，有時不改變意思，有時意思也相應地變化，在學習的過程中注意記憶總結。常用的轉化為動詞的名詞有：
head eye name paper book air voice hand coat dress diet skin mail ship face shoulder dust diet work answer picture peel knife nurse bottle cash use house mask, etc.
e.g.
We ship grain to Africa.我們把谷物運往非洲。
These desks and chairs are coated with dust. 這些桌椅落上了灰塵。
We lunched together.我們一起吃了午餐。
Practice
Complete the following sentences
1. Did you ____（預定）a seat on a plane yesterday?
2. Please ____ （遞）me the book.
3. They ____ (取名)their dog Bob.
4. She ____（護理；照顧）her aged mother every day.
Key for reference
1. book 2. hand 3. named 4. nurses
Ⅴ. Language Skills
1. Multiple choice
1. The shoes he bought for me _____ me.
A. doesn’t fit B. not fit for C. don’t fit D. are unfit
2. They are crazy ____ playing cards.
A. of B. on C. in D. about.
3. He lay still on the floor with his dog ____ beside him
A. to sleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept
4. We all ____ our breath when we heard the terrible sound.
A. took B. lost C. held D. wasted.
5 She is always making trouble so I would rather ____ there alone.
A. going B. go C. to go D. went
Key for reference
1 C. fit作動詞，表示大小、尺寸吻合。本句意為：他為我買的鞋子不適合我。
2 D. be crazy about...是固定短語，表示“對......著迷”。
3 C.現在分詞表主動、正在進行，本句意為：他靜靜地躺在地板上，他的狗睡在他的旁邊。with his dog sleeping beside him作本句的伴隨狀語。
4 C.本句意為：當我們聽到這可怕的聲音時，都屏住了呼吸。
5 B. would rather do sth表示“寧愿做某事”。
2. Complete the following sentences according to the given words.
1. If you want to ____ ____ （保持健康），you ought to ____（節食）and take regular exercise.
2 This kind of flowers is very ____ （稀有）in our country.
3 I have a slight ____.（胃痛）
4.The father passed on the family’s ____ （財富）to his son.
5. He was badly ____（受傷）in the accident.
Key for reference
1 keep fit; diet 2 rare 3 stomachache 4 wealth 5 injured
3. replace the underlined words with their synonyms（同義詞）
1. The rich man helped many poor peasants out of pity.________
2. They are worried about their father’s health. ________
3. I hope you are keeping fit. ________
4 She goes out very seldom. ________
5 Ben was going in the opposite direction.________
Key for reference
1 wealthy 2 anxious 3 healthy 4rarely 5 heading
Ⅵ. Task Design
Try to collect as much information as possible on how to keep fit. Then write a short text and present it to your classmates.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
VII. Comprehensive Test
第一卷（兩部分）
第一部分：英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）
第一節：單項填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
1. My younger sister has ____.
A. sweet tooth B. sweet teeth C. a sweet tooth D. a sweet teeth
2. He has not got a fever. That is to say, his temperature is ____.
A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. low
3. Look at the dark clouds in the sky. I think it ____rain.
A. will B. shall C. must D. is going to
4. All his free time is spent in playing football, and he is ____ about football.
A. worried B. anxious C. crazy D. particular
5. Sally may be slow in thinking but ____ she works hard.
A. not in the least B. at least C. at most D. at best
6. Mary goes to ____ classes and does exercises every morning.
A. keep fitting B. keep-fit C. keeping fit D. keeping fitting
7. All the shirts ____ to ￡10.
A. was reduced B. reduced C. were reduced D. reducing
8. It is difficult for you____ on the top of a high mountain.
A. breath B. breathe C. to breathe D. to breath
9. Is the river ____ to swim in?
A. enough deep B. very deep C. so deep D. deep enough
10. With a lot of work ____, Jack will not leave for the holiday.
A. doing B done C. has done D. to do
11. We had a very good time ____ cards yesterday.
A. to play B. played C. playing D. being played
12. I would rather Ted ____ here early.
A. leave B. to leave C. left D. has left
13. ____ may not necessarily bring us happiness..
A. Wealth B. Wealthy C. Health D. Healthy
14. Peter missed her wife so much that he was anxious ____ her as early as possible.
A. seeing B. about seeing C to see D. seen
15. If he promises to come, he ____.
A. is B. will C. is going to D. has
第二節：完形填空(共20小題；每小題l.5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從16－35各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。
Everything speeds up with people’s lives. People often eat fast food __16__ nice meals cooked by mother __17__. They go to the shop, where the meal is ____18___ cooked. They can take __19__ from the shelf when they ___20___ their dollars and in ten minutes eat it and ___21_ their dinner. This is not good for __22___.
People move a great __23__ from city to city, ____24____ their jobs. Airplanes go ___25___ between cities. Every twenty-five seconds planes are taking off from the airports. When people move _26_ the cities, they leave their friends ___27____, moving from place to place. They leave their old mother and father, their children, and leave their __28___. And people become without roots, without a place ____29__ they can really call “home”. This has very___30____ effects. One thing is that the old people often live so far from their children that, ____31__ they become old, there is nobody to __32___ them. Brothers and sisters move far away from each other. They telephone each other. But the families are very __33____. The society doesn’t have the __34___ ways any more, which kept people ___35_____ together. And many people feel rather lonely today.
16. A. withoutB. together with C. instead of D. as
17. A. at schoolB. at home C. in the house D. in the kitchen
18. A. already B. still C. not D. just
19. A. them B. it C. everythingD. little
20. A. putB. getC. setD. pay
21. A. finishB. cookC. fetchD. bring
22. A. familiesB. children C. old people D. business
23. A. many B. muchC. deal D. far
24. A. doing B. to do C. changing D. change
25. A. usuallyB. immediatelyC. constantlyD. fast
26. A. from B. to C. in D. around
27. A. behind B. awayC. outD. off
28. A. friends B. parentsC. teachers D. students
29. A. or B. and C. where D. that
30. A. bad B. surprising C. exciting D. great
31. A. if B. when C. since D. because
32. A. seeB. look afterC. hear fromD. telephone
33. A. scattered B. different C. largeD. separated
34. A. new B. oldC. easyD. same
35. A. close B. nearC. liveD. friendly
第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
A
Many people are surprised to learn that French people have fewer heart attacks than people in many countries. When we think of French food, we often imagine sauces that have a lot of fat in them. Some scientists think the reason why the French have fewer hear attacks is that they drink wine with their meals. However, there may be another reason why they have fewer heart attacks.
Researchers studied the diets of 40 countries. They found that the French eat a lot of vegetables compared to people in other countries. For example, people in Finland drink a lot of milk and eat a lot of dairy products(乳制品), like eggs and cheese. But Finns don’t eat as many vegetables. Researchers found that the Finns had more heart attacks than the French; in fact, the Finns had five times as many heart attacks as the French. So the researchers say that eating a lot of vegetables is very good for our health. And they warn that , if we drink wine, we shouldn’t drink too much, They say that eating extra carrots isn’t dangerous, but drinking an extra glass of wine might be.
36. The passage is mainly talking about _____________.
A. how to get rid of heart attacks
B. why French people have fewer heart attacks
C. the diets in French and Finland
D. the cause of heart attacks
37. The underlined word “them” in the first paragraph can be best replaced by __________.
A. people B. foods C. sauces D. countries
38. Which of the following is the most important reason why the Finns had more heart attacks than the French?
A .The French eat more vegetables than the Finns
B. The French eat more dairy products than the Finns.
C. The French drink more wine than the Finns.
D. The French eat more fat than the Finns.
39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____________.
A. drinking too much wine would probably cause heart attacks
B. eating extra carrots would probably prevent heart attacks
C. people should be moderate in drinking wine
D. drinking extra carrots isn’t as dangerous as drinking extra glass of wine.
B
Vitamins are a group of substances found in food. The body needs them for life and health. So naturally, many people are concerned for the question: Am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right kind?
Even though very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body, the worry people have about vitamins has some basis. And this has something to do with their diet?the food they take in. A person eat in a good variety of foods gets all the vitamins now known to be needed (with the possible exception of vitamin D).
The problem is that there are many people who don’t choose foods wisely, don’t get enough variety, and don’t eat the basic foods they need to get their vitamins. So the answer to this questions is : No extra vitamins are taken in; the body simply gets rid of them. It is even harmful to put too much of certain vitamins into the body This has been found true of vitamin A and D when large amounts are taken in.
What foods supply what vitamins? Here is a quick general idea. Vitamin A, for the heath of the eyes skins teeth, and bones, is found in green vegetables, fruits, eggs, liver and butter. Vitamin B1 which helps the nervous and digestive system and prevents certain diseases, is found in cereals, pork and liver. Vitamin B2 is found in milk, eggs, green vegetables and meats. Vitamin C, which helps bones and teeth, is found in tomatoes, certain fruits and vegetables. These are only a few of the most important vitamins the body needs.
40. Vitamin A is needed by _________ and can be found in ________________.
A. teeth, pork B. nervous system, milk
C. eyes, green vegetables D. teeth, meats
41. Vitamin C helps _________ while Vitamin B1 is very important to ___________.
A . teeth, digestive system B. skin, bones
C. bones, liver D. eyes, meats
42. Vitamins are a group of substances found in __________.
A. body B. food C. pork D. eyes, meats
43. The body needs _________ for life and health.
A. extra vitamins B. a good variety of vitamins
C. large amounts of certain vitamin D. small amounts of each vitamin
C
One morning last summer Joyce Andrews made some sausage sandwiches for her husband’s lunch. There was one sausage left over. Mrs. Andrews didn’t care for them herself, and so she gave to last one to Henry, their little dog, Henry ate it up quickly.
During the morning the dog got ill. He wouldn’t stop shaking his head, and couldn’t stand properly. Joyce thought, “He’s eaten something that didn’t agree with him. Maybe that sausage very bad…” she suddenly remembered her husband’s lunch. She ran to the telephone and called Jim at office.
“Jim, I hope you haven’t eaten any of those sandwiches yet.”
“You have? Two? Well, listen?don’t eat any more. I gave Henry the last sausage, and new he’s ill. Go to the doctor, Jim.”
“What? You feel all right? No, Jim, don’t take a chance with your health. I’m sure the sausages are bad. Please go…”
“Yes, Jim. Tell him about the dog. Get some medicine.”
Jim came back at lunch time and went to bed. “I had a very unpleasant hour at the doctor” he told Joyce, “and the medicine made me very sick.”
The next morning Jim was fine. Henry seemed quite fit again, too. At eleven o’clock milkman came with the milk.
“Morning, Mrs. Andrews,” the milkman said “How’s your dog this morning? I’ve been thinking about him…”
“Have you? Well, he seems all right now, but...”
“Yesterday morning he and I had I a little accident. He jumped up at me, and I dropped a bottle of milk on his head.”
44. Why did Joyce telephone Jim?
A. She wanted him to come home for lunch
B. Jim’s dog was badly ill.
C. Jim was ill and needed to go to the hospital
D. She thought the sausage would do harm to him
45. Joyce’s husband ______________.
A. took her advice that he should go to the hospital
B. didn’t believe her
C. knew why Henry kept shaking his head
D. didn’t eat any of the sausage
46. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. It was the sausage that made Henry ill.
B. Jim ate only two sandwiches, so he was quite all right.
C. The milkman explained Henry’s illness
D. Jim felt unpleasant because of her wife’s telephone call.
47. The underlined word “him” probably refers to ___________.
A. Jim B. the milkman C. the doctor D. Jim’s dog
D
More and more scientific experiments prove that physical exercise can reduce the dangers of some illnesses in middle-aged persons. Exercise strengthens the hear muscle, reduces blood pressure and helps to prevent muscles from changing into fat. Physical exercises is just as important for children.
Exercise and food affect growing speed in young lab animals. Baby mice start running as soon as they are big enough to use an exercise wheel in their cage. If they get extra food and run a lot, they will grow as much as 1.5 times bigger the normal.
The same differences in growing speed might be found between active and inactive children. Physical exercise helps active children grow faster than inactive children. One experiment shows that the brains of the mice that had enough exercise weighed about 3% more than those of the mice that did not exercise. The mice that exercised are much quicker to learn doing new exercise than the mice that did not exercise.
The results of the experiment support the theory that exercise can help babies learn to talk and walk sooner than expected.
The good effects of physical exercise are not limited to children and middle-aged people. Exercise continues to be important part of our lives after we grow old. For example, people over 50 years old begin to lose calcium(鈣) from their bones, which get weaker and can break easily. Physical exercise, however, helps to strengthen the bones and to prevent them from losing calcium. Of course, old people can take medicines to prevent themselves from suffering from losing calcium, but the medicines they take increase the change of developing some kind of cancer. So physical exercise is a much safer means of treatment.
48. This passage tells that _______________.
A. only middle-aged persons can benefit from physical exercise .
B. physical exercise can do good to both the middle-aged and children
C. people of different t ages can all benefit from physical exercise
D. physical exercise is the safest treatment for losing calcium
49. Active children _________ than inactive children.
A. are clever and healthier B. are clever but not stronger
C. are stronger but more foolish D. enjoy walking more
50. From the passage, we know that __________.
A. mice need to eat more and exercise more
B children need more exercise than other people
C. old people like to take medicine to treat their illness
D. middle aged people are easy to get fat
51. The bones of old people are easy to break because ___________.
A. there is less calcium in their bones than in those of other people
B. they are easy to become ill
C. they eat less than other people
D. they have less exercise than other people
E
Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need It has been proved that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins, even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid(流體) , the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it. After the vitamins were changed to the clear water in time, however, they broke the habit and back to where the necessary vitamins were.
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria (自助餐廳) feeding arrangement, with a wide choice of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over period of
Time they managed to choose a well balanced diet.
So in choosing food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what’s best for them.
Obviously, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could. Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long established habits. Some people eat foxes, dogs and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs.
So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.
52. In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to ___________.
A. encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water
B. find out tars’ preference in flavor
C. test whether rats know which drink is good for them
D. demonstrate that vitamins are tasteless
53. As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that _________.
A. both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet
B. both prefer flavored food and drink
C. both have the same eating patterns
D. both develop a taste for the same kind of flavors
54. In the classic experiment mentioned in the second paragraph, babies were __________.
A. given many choices of drinks
B. provide with various kinds of baby food
C. placed and fed in a cafeteria
D. trained to select a balanced diet
55. According to the passage, adult’s eating habits differ from those of babies because _________
A. adults know better than babies what kinds of food are good for their health
B. adults usually can’t resist the temptation of various delicious foods
C. adults’ eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs
D. adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns
第二卷(共35分)?
第四部分：寫作(共兩節，滿分35分)?
第一節：短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行作出判斷：如無錯誤，在該行右邊的橫線上畫一個勾(√)；如有錯誤(每行只有一個錯誤)，則按下列情況改正：
該行多一個詞：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線(＼)劃掉。
該行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號(∧)，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。
該行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。
The National Academy of Sciences say that eating 56. __________
least salt, food rich in fat and smoked foods can reduce a 57. __________
person’s chance of develop cancer. A study by the academy 58. __________
also says people should eat more fruits, vegetable and whole 59. __________
grains. The chairman of the study said that eat fatty foods 60. __________
could be the cause of about forty percents of the cancers61. __________
in men and sixty percent of the cancers in women 62. __________
He said science evidence (證據) shows that 63. __________
most major cancer are influenced (影響) 64. __________
by the kinds of food that people eating.65. __________
56. say → says 57. least → less 58.develop → developing 59. vegetable → vegetables 60. eat → eating 61. percents → percent 62. √ 63. science → scientific 64. cancer → cancers 65. eating → eat
第二節：書面表達(每題25分，共25分)
請根據以下要點，用英語寫一篇論述“早起”(early rising)重要性的短文，發表在一份生活雜志上。
1. 早起有益。
2. 早起可呼吸到新鮮空氣，做早操，對身體健康有好處：早起對學習有好處；早起可從容制定工作計劃，對工作有好處。
3. 晚起的人都應早起。
注意：
1. 要寫成一篇連貫性的短文，不要逐條翻譯。
2. 可適當增加細節。
3. 字數：100左右
答案：
1-5. CBDCB 6-10. BCCDD 11-15. CCACB
16-20. CBABD 21-25. AACCC 26-30. BAADA 31-35.BBABA
36-40. ABDDA 41-45. ABDDA 46-50. CCCAD 51-55. ACABC
Early Rising
Early rising benefits us in many ways.
First, it helps to keep us fit. We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, by taking morning exercises we can improve our health.
Second, it can help us in our studies. In the morning we can learn more quickly.
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