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有許多所謂的陷阱題，倒不是因?yàn)?a href='http://www.lg566.com/juzi/' target='_blank'>句子結(jié)構(gòu)有多么復(fù)雜，用詞多么生僻，而是因?yàn)槠渲杏袀�(gè)別詞（尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞）的詞義很容易誤解，或是同學(xué)們對(duì)此平時(shí)沒引起足夠的重視，對(duì)這類詞理解不準(zhǔn)，在運(yùn)用時(shí)其詞義在腦海中模棱兩可，從而導(dǎo)致做題失誤。下面請(qǐng)看幾道實(shí)例：

　?1. Mr. Black, who is a _____, is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a _____.

　　A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist? C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter?漢語中的“廚師”，說成英語是cook，還是cooker?漢語說“打字員”，說成英語是typist，還是typewriter?你若分不清，此題將無法做對(duì)。?

　　2.They decided to _____ their new product on TV.?

　　A. advertise B. advertise on C. advertise for D. advertise to? D. advertise

　　是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞？或者既可用做及物動(dòng)詞也可用做不及物動(dòng)詞，只是含義不同？要表示為某物打廣告以便將其賣出，其英語表達(dá)是advertise sth，還是advertise for sth？這個(gè)介詞for該不該用？或者用與不用有什么區(qū)別？?

　　3. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn't listen.?

　　A. persuaded B. tried to persuade C. have persuaded D. was persuaded

　?persuade的真正意思是“說服”，還是“設(shè)法說服”？換句話說，它是表示“說服”的過程，還是表示“說服”的結(jié)果？?你想知道以上問題的答案嗎？請(qǐng)聽下文分解。?

　　1. cooker是“廚師”、typewriter是“打字員”嗎?Mr. Black, who is a_____, is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a ______.?A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter?此題正確答案為B，但容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為：cook用做動(dòng)詞，表示“煮飯”，所以cooker應(yīng)是其相應(yīng)的名詞，表示“煮飯的人”，即“廚師”；type用做動(dòng)詞，表示“打字”，所以typewriter應(yīng)表示“打字員”。而事實(shí)是：cook =廚師，cooker =炊具；typist =打字員，typewriter =打字機(jī)。比較：?The cook bought a new cooker.這個(gè)廚師買了件新炊具。?The typist bought a new typewriter.這個(gè)打字員買了臺(tái)新打字機(jī)。
2. twin是指“雙胞胎”還是指“雙胞胎之一”?

　　These ______ much alike that I can't tell which is which.?

　　A. twin looks B. twins look? C. twin look D. twins looks??

　　此題容易誤選C，誤認(rèn)為twin的意思是“雙胞胎”，指兩個(gè)，表復(fù)數(shù)意義。其實(shí)，此題的正確答案為B，twin的意思是“孿生子之一”或“雙胞胎之一”，英文解釋為either of two children born of the same mother at the same time，即它指的是兩者中的一個(gè)，而不是兩個(gè)，要表示雙胞胎，要用復(fù)數(shù)twins。類似地，parent的意思是“父（母）親，父親或母親”，其英文解釋是the father or mother of a person or animal。要表示“父母雙親”，要用復(fù)數(shù)parents。如：?Where are your parents?你父母在哪兒？?Denise and Martin have recently become parents.丹尼斯和馬丁最近當(dāng)爸爸媽媽了。?Being a parent can be hard work.為人父母是件很辛苦的事。?To have good children one must be a good parent.要想培育出好的孩子，自己必須要是好的父母。
3.是advertise sth還是advertise for sth?

　　If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.?
　　A. advertise B. advertise for ?C. advertise on D. advertise to??

　　此題正確答案為A，但容易誤選B，認(rèn)為advertise的意思是“做廣告”，advertise for的意思是“為……做廣告”。事實(shí)上，advertise可用做及物和不及物動(dòng)詞，及物時(shí)，其意為“為……做廣告”、“登廣告宣傳”；不及物時(shí)，其意為“做廣告”、“登廣告”，此時(shí)通常后接介詞for，表示“做廣告征求”。比較：?advertise for sth (sb)廣告征求或?qū)ふ夷澄锘蚰橙?br>
　　(此時(shí)advertise不及物)?advertise sth為……登廣告，登廣告宣傳……(此時(shí)advertise是及物動(dòng)詞，其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語)?He advertised for a new secretary.他登廣告招聘一名新秘書。?People advertise things that they wish to sell.人們?yōu)橐�賣的東西登廣告。?

　　再比較：advertise jobs登廣告招人，advertise for jobs登廣告求職??

　　(1) We must _____ the people heart and soul.?
　　A. serve B. serve for C. serve to D. serve on?

　　答案選A，serve意為“為……服務(wù)”，可直接用做及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能按漢語意思誤加介詞for。?

　　(2) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren't in.?
　　A. rang B. rang to C. rang with D. rang to?

　　答案選A，ring可以用做及物動(dòng)詞，表示“給……打電話”，故其后不用介詞。?

　　(3) How can I _____ you??
A. contact B. contact with C. contact to D. contact for?

　　答案選A，contact為及物動(dòng)詞，表示“與……聯(lián)系”，其后不接介詞。
4. choose后介詞from可以省略嗎?

　　There are five pairs, but I'm at a loss which _____ to buy.?
　　A. to be chosen B. to choose from? C. to choose D. for choosing

　　此題容易誤選C，其實(shí)應(yīng)選B。choose表示“選擇”，其實(shí)是指“選擇出來”(pick out)，而不是指“從……選擇”，要表示后者的意思，要用choose from，有時(shí)也用choose among。同樣地，下面兩例中的介詞from也不可省略：?

　　Here are some books for you to choose from.

　　這些書可供你選擇。?

　　There are too many cakes to choose from.

　　蛋糕太多了，不知要選哪個(gè)好。?

　　比較：

　　He didn't know what to choose.他不知道選什么。?

　　He didn't know what to choose from.他不知道從哪兒去選。
5.這個(gè)when是表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”嗎?

　　They kept trying _____ they must have known it was hopeless.?
　　A. if B. because? C. when D. where??

　　此題最佳答案為C，when在此的意思不是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，而是“盡管”、“雖然”的意思。又如：He walks when he might take a taxi.盡管他可以坐出租車，但他卻走路。?He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time.盡管他本來下次就可以成功的了，但他卻停止努力了。?The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully.這男孩子本來應(yīng)該專心聽老師講的，但他卻坐立不安。?

　　有許多同學(xué)只知道when表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，而不知道它還有其他許多意思，除上面提到的表示“盡管”、“雖然”外，when還可表示“既然”、“考慮到”。如：Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already? 既然你有了這么好的一份工作，你為什么還要找新的工作呢？
6. persuade是“說服”還是“設(shè)法說服”?

　　I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn't listen.?
　　A. persuaded B. tried to persuade?
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded??

　　此題正確答案為B，但容易誤選A。persuade的真正意思是“說服”，而不是“設(shè)法說服”，要表示后者的意思英語應(yīng)用try to persuade (當(dāng)然也可用其他詞，如advise等)。類似地：kill的意思是“殺死”，不表示“設(shè)法殺死”，要表示后者的意思英語用try to kill；prevent 的意思是“阻止”，不表示“設(shè)法阻止”，要表示后者的意思英語用try to prevent等等。?

　　(4) “What did he ask you?” “_____ I would be late.”?
A. That B. When C. Where D. Whether?
此題選D，為He asked me whether I would be late.之省略。
3. If not, not作何解?

　　If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _____, _____.?
　　A. not, not B. no, no ?C. not, no D. no, not?

　　此題應(yīng)選A。If not, not.為If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.之省略，全句意為“如果天氣好,我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去”。該句的特點(diǎn)是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同,只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡潔起見,于是將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞not。

　If it is cheap, I'll buy it. If not, not.如果這東西便宜，我就買；如果不便宜，我就不買。?If you study hard, you'll succeed. If not, not.你若努力，你就會(huì)成功；你若不努力，你就不會(huì)成功。

　　If you start at once, you'll catch the train. If not, not.你若馬上動(dòng)身，你就會(huì)趕上火車；你若不馬上動(dòng)身，你就趕不上火車了。?請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆韵吕��?只保留否定詞not)。如：?

　　“Can you repair it yourself?” “I am afraid not.”“你自己會(huì)修嗎?”“恐怕不行。”(I'm afraid not.為I am afraid I can't repair it myself.之省略，注意不能說I'm not afraid，后者的意思是“我不怕”)?“Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.”“這事你以前知道嗎?”“你告訴我才知道。”(Not until you told me.為I didn't know anything about it until you told me.之省略)?“Will it rain today?” “I hope not.”“今天會(huì)下雨嗎?”“希望不會(huì)。”(I hope not.為I hope it will not rain today.之省略)
4.這個(gè)答語省略了什么?

　　“She's not a dancing teacher, is she?” “_____.”?
　　A. Yes, and she isn't B. Yes, but she was?
C. No, but she isn't D. No, but she was??

　　此題最佳答案為D，可視為No, she isn't. But she was a dancing teacher.之省略，即其意為“她現(xiàn)在不是舞蹈教師，但她過去是”。此題也可以這樣回答：No, but she used to be.
5.請(qǐng)補(bǔ)出此句省略的if從句?

　　She's too thin. She ____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.?
　　A. would, ate B. will, eats ?C. would, eats D. will, ate??

　　此題有些難度，許多同學(xué)不知如何分析。我們先根據(jù)題目所提供的選項(xiàng)將句意大致概括出來：她太瘦了。她會(huì)增加體重的，但她吃得太少了。根據(jù)句首She's too thin這一所給信息可知，“她瘦”應(yīng)是客觀事實(shí)。按照一般的常識(shí)，“吃得少”就會(huì)導(dǎo)致“瘦”，“吃得多”就會(huì)導(dǎo)致“胖”，根據(jù)句首的信息，“她瘦”是客觀事實(shí)，所以她“吃得少”也應(yīng)是事實(shí)，因此第二空應(yīng)填eats(即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí))。根據(jù)上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均為現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，那么“她體重會(huì)增加”就應(yīng)是假設(shè)(注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but)，所以第一空應(yīng)填would，其實(shí)，此句可理解為其后省略了一個(gè)條件狀語if she ate more (如果她多吃一點(diǎn)的話)。此題最佳答案選C。
6. 是you還是me，或是I還是you?

　　“I like you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _____love her or more than she loves _____?”?
　　A. you, me B. she, you? C. I, me D. I, you

做對(duì)此題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清填空句是個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為：You mean that you love me more than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me? 句意為：“你是說你愛我勝過你愛她，還是說你愛我勝過她愛我？”所以最佳答案應(yīng)選A。
7.這個(gè)I was是怎么回事?

　　“Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?” “I______, but I had an unexpected visitor.”?
　　A. had B. would? C. was going to D. did?

　　此題應(yīng)選C，為I was going to come.之省略，意為“我本來是打算來的”，這與其后but I had an unexpected visitor的語境剛好吻合。注意不能選would，因?yàn)樗鼪]有“打算”之意。
8. until spoken to是如何省略來的?

　　He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _____ to.
　　A. spoken B. speaking ?C. speak D. be spoken

此題容易誤選B，認(rèn)為until是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞形式。其實(shí)，此題應(yīng)選A，until spoken to為until he is spoken to之省略。句意為“他是個(gè)沉默寡言的人，別人不同他說話，他很少同別人說話”。按英語習(xí)慣，一些表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、讓步等的狀語從句，若其主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語包含動(dòng)詞be,那么可將從句的主語和動(dòng)詞be省略：?

　　You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old.趁年輕時(shí)要努力學(xué)習(xí)，不然到老了你會(huì)后悔的。?

　　I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不會(huì)去,除非請(qǐng)我。?

　　Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the streets.過馬路時(shí)要注意汽車。?

　　While (I was) waiting I was reading some old magazines.等的時(shí)候我在看一些舊雜志。?

　　He worked very hard though (he was) still rather poor in health.盡管身體還不好，但他仍努力工作。?

　　He will work hard wherever (he is) sent by the Party.無論黨把他派往哪里,他都會(huì)努力工作。?

　　(1) If _____ carefully, the experiment will be successful.?
　　A. do B. does C. done D. doing?

　　答案選C，可視為if it is carefully done之省略。?

　　(2) The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.?

　　A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
答案選D，可視為once it is begun之省略。
9. If not more than是個(gè)省略結(jié)構(gòu)?

　　In that month, he earned as much as, if ____ than, $40 000.?
　　A. no more B. not more? C. no much D. not much??

　　此題最佳答案應(yīng)是B。if not more than實(shí)際為if he didn't earn more than $40 000之省略。?

　　請(qǐng)看類似試題（答案均選B）：??

　　(1) Her pronunciation is as good as, if ____than, her teacher's.?
　　A. no better B. not better C. no good D. not good?

　　(2) This church is as old as, if _____ than, that one.?
　　A. no older B. not older C. no old D. not old?

　　(3) He has read the book as many as, if _____ than, five times.?
　　A. no more B. not more C. no much D. not much

13.如何理解這個(gè)not?

　　They are different in form but _____ in meaning.?
　　A. not B. no? C. aren't D. don't??

　　最佳答案選A，but not in meaning為but they are not different in meaning之省略。??
　　(1) In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother _____.?
　　A. killing B. to kill C. killed D. kill?

　　最佳答案選C，but the mother killed.為but the mother was killed之省略。?

　　(2) The apartment's fine for two people, but_____.?
　　A. no more B. no any C. not more D. not any?

　　最佳答案選C，but not more.為but it is not fine for more than two people.之省略。
14.做對(duì)此題要結(jié)合語境和省略?

　　“Everyone says you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you?”
“_____.”?
　　A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes? C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really?

　　答案選B，答句是針對(duì)You never sleep in class, do you? 這一問句來回答的，Yes, sometimes.為Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class.之省略，其意為“不，我上課有時(shí)睡覺”。其余幾項(xiàng)不合語境。??

　　“You've never been to the village, have you?”
“____. It is the most beautiful village I've ever seen.”?
　　A. No, never B. No, I have? C. No, only once D. Yes, only once?

　　答案選D，Yes, only once.為Yes, I have. But I've been there only once.之省略，句意為“不，我去過，但只去過一次”。注意句末的It is the most beautiful village I've ever seen.表明“我”去過那兒，所以不能選A。
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