代詞
【2012年高考命題預測】
高考對代詞的考查主要集中在不定代詞上，具體體現在1、考查他們在特定結構中的用法；2、考查他們在具體語境中的意義和功能。此外，it的用法也是高考代詞考查的熱點。
據此認為2012年對代詞的考查依然集中在不定代詞的用法區別及it的用法。
【重難點突破】
【概述】代詞是代替名詞的詞，它分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關系代詞等。
分類用法
人稱代詞
★不僅指人，也可指物
主格：I , we, you ,he, she, it, they,
賓格：me, us, you, him, her, it , them1． 主格作主語，賓格作賓語
She is our teacher.(主格作主語)
I often help him with his math.(賓格作賓語)
★口語中，人稱代詞賓格常用作表語
Who is there? It’s me.(賓格作表語)
2． 人稱代詞在句子中的順序
單：第二人稱＋第三人稱＋第一人稱
You ＋ he/she ＋ I
You, he and I are in the same classroom.
復：第一人稱＋第二人稱＋第三人稱
We + you + they
We, you and they are all Chinese.
3.glasses,sunglasses,boots等復數形式的詞
單獨：動詞用復數，對應代詞they或them
My trousers are over there and they are dirty.
與量詞一起：動詞用單數，對應代詞they或them
If you find a pair of scissors in the drawer, pass them to me.
4.as和than 之后的人稱代詞
as和than 之后的人稱代詞，作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格；但在非正式語體中，或帶有all, both時，通常用賓格。
She speaks English as well as me. （非正式）
He is taller than us all.
5.it 用法： ①表示無生命、已提到過的事物
Whose coat is this? It’s mine.
②性別不祥的幼兒或小動物
What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?
③指“那個人”
Who is it at the door? It’s the postman.
④無人稱主語或賓語（天氣、時間、距離等）
It’s raining.
It’s twenty miles from here to Shanghai.
物主代詞
形容詞性物主代詞：my , our, your, his , her, its , their
名詞性物主代詞：mine, ours, yours, his , hers, its, theirs★ 1.形容詞性物主放在名詞前，不可單獨使用。
This is her book.
Your school is not very far.
★ 2.名詞性物主代詞＝形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞，起名詞作用，可單獨使用
Ours (=Our country) is a great country.
I haven’t taken my umbrella. May I share yours(=your umbrella)?
★3.物主代詞的固定搭配
of one’s own… on one’s own with one’s own
…人自己的 獨自 用某人自己的…
Hold one’s breath make one’s way in one’s way
屏住呼吸 找到路前進 妨礙某人，擋某人的路
To one’s surprise/amazement…使某人吃驚的是…
反身代詞
myself, yourself , ,himself, itself yourselves, ,themselves , ourselves1. ★反身代詞作同位語
The teacher himself will visit Tom’s parents.
2. ★反身代詞作賓語
They do the work by themselves.
3. ★表示獨立完成某事，親自做某事，為自己做了某事
call oneself … make oneself … cook oneself…
把自己稱為… 為自己做了… 為自己作了… 吃
buy oneself… find oneself…
給自己買了… 給自己找了…
He usually calls himself Old Jim.
4． ★反身代詞的固定搭配
for oneself by oneself to oneself teach oneself
親自 獨自 獨用 自學
hurt oneself be pleased with oneself
弄傷自己 對自己感到高興
can’t help oneself help oneself to…
忍不住，無法控制自己 誰便吃，為自己取（食物等）
指示代詞
This, that, these ,those★ 離說話人近的用this, those;遠的用that, those.
You look in this box here, and I’ll look in that box over there.
I saw him this morning.
He was very busy those days.
疑問代詞
Which, who, whom, whose, whatwhich 哪個
Which apple do you like?
who/whom 誰(主語/賓語)
Who is the lady over there?
whose 誰的
Whose book is this?
what 什么（color, kind, size）
What’s kind of housework do you usually do?
不定代詞
常見的不定代詞：one , some, any, all, every, anther, other, many, much, few, little, neither, either
合成的不定代詞：
something, somebody, someone,
anything, anybody, anyone,
everything ,everybody, everyone
nothing, nobody, none , no one
1. some(thing/body/one) 某（事/人/人）
any(thing/body/one)任何（事/人/人）
everything一切事 every（body/one）每個（人/人）
no(thing/body/)沒什么/沒有人
none沒有人或沒有東西 no one 沒有人
★ 只有none +(of),其他的合成不定代詞不可以
★ 合成的不定代詞+else,表示另外的??，
所有格：?? else’s
★ 修飾復合不定代詞的定語（形容詞等）要放在它們的后面 something important
[來源:學科網]
★2.不定代詞的固定搭配
one :one anther 相互
one by one 一個接一個
other: on the other side of 在 …的另一邊
in other words 相反的路/ 方向
on the one hand ….on the other hand
一方面…另一方面
some: some day 某一天
for some time 經過若干時間
both: on both side 雙方，兩邊
all: all the time 總是[來源:學§科§網Z§X§X§K]
all kinds of 各種各樣的
all new 全新
all along 一直，始終
all over 到處
all the same 還是，仍是
(not) at all 無論如何（都不）
every: every day 每天
every time 每次
every 3 weeks 每三個星期
every other / second day 每隔一天
many /much: so many/much 這么多的
many /much of …..中的很多
too many/much 太多
a great /good many 很多
many a time 許多次
many a day 許多天
as many/much as 和…一樣地多
little: little by little 漸漸地
in a little while 過一小會兒
few: a man of few words 一個話很少的男人
have a few word with sb 和某人說上幾句話
不定代詞的分組區別
many、much
很多，許多many + 可數名詞 many people
much + 不可數名詞 much suger
★口語中many/much 常被a lot of/lots of代替，特別在表示肯定意義的句子里
some、any
一些some 用于肯定句 + 可數/不可數
any用于否定句 ＋ 不可數名詞
用于疑問句 ＋ 可數名詞
★ some 用于疑問句中，表示邀請、請求.
Would you like s ome tea?
Will you buy me some cake?
★ any用在肯定句中，表示“任何一個，無論那個”
Take any you like.
both、all
都Both （兩個）都
All（三個或三個以上）都
★ all、both 在句子中的位子：在be動詞后面，其他動詞前
We both studied in Beijing University.
We are all interested in pop music.
each、every
每一個Each(兩個中的)每一個
Every(三個或三個以上的)每一個
★ each 、every 在句子中的位子：在be動詞后面，其他動詞前
one 、other antherone :不定的人或物，復數ones
other：單數，必須加the (one….. the other),
復數others,表示其他的人或物
anther:另一個人或物，再一個
★some…the others
one …
the other
one…. 和
the others /the other★ one ….the other+可數名詞： 特指兩個之中的“一個…..另一個…..
Mr. Li has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is an engineer.
★one…. the others /the other ＋可數名詞： 特指三個或三個以上的情況“一個…….另一些/另幾個……
There are five flowers in the vase. One is yellow, the other four ones are red.
Some…
the others 和
Some….
others★Some…the others 特定范圍，“一些…..另一些”
The students are busy with the experiment. Some are operating the machine, the others are recording the results.
★Some….others 較廣范圍，“一些……別的一些”
Many old people are in the park. Some are walking, others are talking.
one….
another…
the other/the third★ 列舉三個以上時，按one….another…the other/the third的順序
The woman has three sons. One is in China, another is in America, the other is in France.
each other和
one anther★each other兩者之間“相互….”
★one anther三者或三者以上之間“相互….”
no one 、nothing 、noneno one 指代可數名詞，表示人，用來回答who的問題，不可跟of
nothing 指代不可數名詞，表示物，用來回答what的問題，不可跟of
none 指代可數/不可數名詞，表示人或物，用來回答how many/how much的問題，可跟of
一、代詞的記憶技巧:
1）.巧記物主代詞： 物主代詞分兩家，形、名詞性各一霸;his, its無變化，my, mine記牢它;
其余變形規律化，形容詞(性)后加尾巴(-s)。
2）.巧記：this，these靠近我，that，those離我遠；this，that指單數，these，those不指單；都可用the來代替，勸君務必記心里
3）.巧記：all，bo th，each的位置
“兩前”：行為動詞前；半系動詞前。“三后”：連系動詞be之后；情態動詞后；助動詞后。
4）.巧記復合代詞分合：分合皆能單獨用，后加of合不成。
巧學不定代詞：不定代詞美名揚，修飾成分后邊藏；單數動詞作謂語，何時何地都一樣。
二、不定代詞
1)、 any，all, every, each都可以譯成“每個人，人人，大家”，both的意思是“兩者都”，但它們的具體異同點為：
A)、 all強調整體，every強調每個人，each強調每個人各自。
All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
B)、 all和every都適用于三者及三者以上的情況，前面都可以加否定詞（如：not, nearly, by no means等）。而each可指包括兩者在內的情況（即，要指兩者中每個人的話，只能用each）。all和each都可以加of加名詞，但every后面不能接of。
The residents, all of whose homes had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
C) any表示“任一的、任何的”
The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at any chemist's
2.other, another，any other，the other的用法：
A) other表示“另外”，而another表示“另外一個”，等于an other。兩者都可以做主語、定語和賓語。another只表示單數泛指的意思，而other有復數形式；特指時在其前加定冠詞；前面可加任何限定詞以及數量詞。
B) other用于兩者（或雙方）的情況下，another用于三者情況下。
He has more concern for others than for himself.
他關心他人比關心自己更重。
No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other .
（2010安徽）21. You are a team star! Working with_______ is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
3. none，neither的用法none用在談到三個或三個以上的人或物時，在談到兩個人或物時通常用neither。
I have two boys but neither of them likes sweets.
4. anything, nothing, something
1) nothing but（通常指物）與none but（通常指人）：只不過，只有
Don't worry about that too much. It is nothing but a quiz.
不要太焦慮，這只不過是一次小測驗。
2) anything but：并不，根本不
He was anything but a fool. 他根本不是個傻瓜。
22. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me? （10福建）
A. everythingB. anything C. somethingD. nothing
2011?全國II）11．I got this bicycle for______：My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one．
A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing[來源:學科網]
5、this，that，these those
1）．在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。
2）．this(these)一般指時間和空間上較近的人或物，而that (those)常指時間和空間上較遠的人或物。
This is a novel and that is a magazine．
3）．this(these)一般指后面要講到的事物，而that(those)常指前面講到的事物。
What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．
He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
4)．that，those 常用來指代前面提到過的某個名詞。
The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．
( that 代替oil output)
The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
5）.指示代詞的固定搭配：
like this 像這樣
that's all right 沒關系
more than that 更重要的是
for all that 盡管如此
So that's that. 就是這樣。
6、such
such引起倒裝句，謂語數取決于后面主語的數： Such is my answer．/ Such are our people．
做定語，注意和so 的區別，尤其是在so …that， such…that 句型中。 I have never seen such beautiful flowers．(復數名詞前，so 不可)
I have never seen such a great film．(也可為so grea t a film)
We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing．(不可數詞前，不可用so)
There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
(在數量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )
7、neither 與 e ither 的用法
都可用于表示兩個人或物。 neither 表否定意義，意為（兩者中的每一個）都不；而 either 表肯定意義，意為（兩者中的每一個）都。都可單獨使用，也可同介詞 of 連用。如：
Both teams were in hard training； neither willing to lose the game.
Do you want tea or coffee？
Either. I really don‘t mind.
8、 it， one 和 that
1. it 可指代可數名詞和不可數名詞。常常指代上文中 the+ 名詞或物主代詞 + 名詞中的名詞，表示同一件事物，但 it 代替的事物屬于特指。它的復數形式是 they 或 them .如：
The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
2. one 所表示的名詞（可指人或物）和前面所提到的名詞只是同一類中的任何一個，不是指其中某一個。不能代替不可數名詞。復數形式是 ones .
3. that既可以代可數名詞又可以代不可數名詞，強調與this的對應性。代可數名詞時，其復數形式為those;
（2011?重慶卷）27．??Silly me! I foeget what my luggage looks like．
??What do you think of over there?
A．the one B．this C．it D．that
（2011?福建卷）21．We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose ____ based on your own interests．
A．either B．each C．one D．it
（2010山東）32. Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.
A. it B. that C. what D. one
三、it用法
1）．it指代事物、群體、經驗、活動等。可以代替一個詞、詞組或整個句子，以免重復。
When can we come to visit you？Any time you feel like it．
I love running．It keeps me fit．
2）．it用作非指代性，而表示氣候、天氣、溫度、時間、地點、距離、東西、動物、嬰兒和未確定身份的人等或虛指的情境。
It's Sunday tomorrow．
It's five miles to the nearest station from here．
3）．It 代指不定式，可用作形式主語或形式賓語。
It is difficult to learn written Chinese．
It is of great help to master a foreign language．
4）.代指動名詞，可作形式主語或形式賓語，常用在下列句型中
It is no good（no use，useless）＋動名詞
It is a waste＋動名詞
5）.代指名詞性從句，該結構中的名詞性從句可用that，when，who等引導。
It happened that they were away．
注意：It is believed ／known ／reported ／said／ supposed thought that an egg is the equivalent of one pound of meat．可轉換為An e gg is believed ／known ／reported ／ said ／supposed thought to be the equivalent of one pound of meat．
另外類似take it one's duty to do something的結構中，think，find，prove， show，deem，believe，consider，count，feel， imagine，make，regard，suppose，take等詞后有不定式作賓語，且有補足語時，必須用形式賓語it代替不定式，若補足語為動名詞或從句，也要用it作形式賓語。
I think it my duty to help her．（＝It is thought my duty．．．）
6）．用于強調句型中It is（was）＋被強調部分（主語、賓語或狀語）＋that（who）．．．。it無任何指代關系，也無實義。
It was John who（that）wore his best suit to the dance last night．
It was in Shanghai that I first met Jack．
強調結構的8個易錯點
一、關于結構中的that
此結構中，除強調的是作主語或賓語的人時可以用who外，其它任何情況都只能用that。如：
It was Kate that/who told me about it. 是凱特告訴那件事的。
It was yesterday afternoon that she told me about it. 是昨天下午她把那件事告訴我的。(that不能用when替代)
二、關于結構中be的形式
原句中謂語動詞是過去式，強調結構的be用is，原句謂語動詞是現在時或將來時，強調結構的be用was。如：
It is he that likes playing games. 是他喜歡打游戲。
It is tomorrow that we will have a meeting. 是明天我們要開會。
注：be有時與表示推測的情態動詞連用。如：
It must be John that/who cleaned the room. 一定是約翰打掃房間的。
三、關于主謂一致問題
被強調的是原句的主語時，要注意that/who后的謂語動詞與原句主語一致。如：
It is I that am in trouble. 是我陷入了困境。
It is you that are wrong. 是你錯了。
四、強調結構的省略式
?Who is making so much noise in the garden? 誰在花園里吵鬧？
?It is the children. 就是那些小孩呀。(=It is the children that are making so much noise in the garden. )
五、如何強調否定句
要將not一同強調，構成It is/was not…that…
It is not he that/who studies French. 學法語的不是他。(原句：He doesn’t study French. )
六、如何強調雙賓語
無論強調哪個賓語，都必須根據動詞的搭配關系，加上to或for。如：
原句：He gave Mary a pen.
強調直接賓語：It was Mary that he gave a pen to.
強調間接賓語：It was a pen that he gave to Mary.
七、強調結構作賓語時的語序
要與陳述句語序相同。如：
I don’t know where it is that he has gone. 我不知道他去哪里了。
八、強調結構與類似句型的區別
判斷是否是強調結構的方法是：去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分(經調整后) 是否依然是個完整的句子，若是，就是強調結構，否則就不是。
It is a pity that you could not come. 真遺憾，你不能來。(去掉It is和that后，句子不成立，是形式主語句型)
It was at ten that he got home. 他是十點回到家的。(去掉it was和that后，原句可調整為He got home at ten. 句子完整正確，故這是強調結構)
7）.it 短語
make it ①成功,做到,趕上 ②約定:Let’s make it next week
as it is ①用于句前表 “事實上” ②用于句末, “照原樣”
Leave the chair as it is. 讓這椅子照原樣放著.
as it were 可以說,在某種程度上.He is, as it were, a walking dictionary
See to it that 注意,留神, 負責 See to it that everything is ready.
四、it常考察句型
1. It is + 被強調部分 + that ... 如果把這種句型結構劃掉后，應該是一個完整無缺的句子。這也是判斷強調句型與其它從句的方法。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses
2. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain…) that …
It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.
= That he's round and tall like a tree is very clear.
3.It is suggested ( ordered, required ... ) that ...
4.It is time ( about time , high time ) that ...
該句型中that 后的從句應該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是① 常用過去時態表示虛擬．② 有時也用should + 動詞原形，should 不能省。常譯為“是（正是）……的時侯……”。
It is time that children should go to bed.
= It is time that children went to bed.
5. It is the first ( second … ) time that …
該句型要和上一個句型區別開來。該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態。至于用什么完成時態，由主句的謂語動詞的時態決定。如果是一般現在時，后面從句用現在完成時態；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態。該結構中 that 可以省去；it 有時用 this 替換，常譯為“是第一（二）……次……”。
It is the first time I have been here.
6.It is … since ...
該句型主要用作處理瞬 間動詞的完成時，又要和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用的問題。主句中是時間作表語，其時態是現在時或完成時，since 引導的從句通常是一般過去時態，而且是瞬間動詞。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。
It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
7. It is ... when ...
該句型中的 when 引導的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時間，表語由具體的時間充當。常譯為“當……的時候，是……”。
It was 5 o'clock when he came here.
8. It be ... before ...
該句型主句中的 it 指時間, 主句中的時態常是將來一般時或過去時兩種時態．主句中的表語多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示時間段的詞或短語。常譯為“……之后……”。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will be not long before he finishes his job.
9. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that...
該句型中it是形式主語，that 引導的是主語從句，主句中的happen, seem 等詞是不及物動詞．
It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street.
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
10.We think it important to learn a foreign language.
該句型中的it 作形式賓語。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為：
6123結構
6 指主句中常用的動詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel ；
1 指的是形式賓語it ；
2 指的是賓補的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞 ；
3 指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動名詞短語或that 引導的賓語從句。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two day
【高考真題剖析】
（2011?遼寧卷）27．- Would you like tea or coffee?
- , thank you．I've just had some water．
A．Either B．Both C．Any D．Neither
答案【D】本題考查代詞的基本用法。根據句意回答者已經喝過水了，所以應該用neither表明兩者都不要。
（2011?重慶卷）27．??Silly me! I foeget what my luggage looks like．
??What do you think of over there?
A．the one B．thisC．it D．that
答案【D】 本題考查代詞it 、one 和that表示指代時的區別。It表同物特指， one 表同類泛指，the one 表特指，that 指代上文中提到的不可數名詞的同類。
（10福建）
22. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?
A. everythingB. anything C. somethingD. nothing中學學科網
22. 答案：C
考點：考查不定代詞的辨析
解析：句子的意思是當你向Mr. John介紹我的時候，你可以為我說一些好話嗎? A. everything 所有的；B. anything 任何事；D nothing 什么也沒有 C. something表示一些，某些
（10上海）27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on
A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves
答案：D
考點：本題考查反身代詞
解析：主語為we，因此應為ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根據句意，選D。
（10安徽）21. You are a team star! Working with_______ is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
答案：C.
考點：本題考查不定代詞的用法。
解析：句意為“你是球隊明星！與他人合作必須是你喜歡做的事。”習語“one’s cup of tea”意為“the type of thing or person that you like”。
（10山東）32. Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.
A. it B. that C. what D. one
答案:D
考點：本題考查代詞的用法。
解析：句意應為“幫助別人是一種習慣，一個你在很小時就能學會的習慣。”空格處與前句中的habit構成同位關系，所以選擇D項。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了關系代詞that 的定語從句，that在定語從句中作learn的賓語使用。
（10天津）
6. in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something
答案：B.
考點：考查復合不定代詞的用法。
句意：我一生中什么都沒有我第一次參觀故宮給我的印象更深刻。
解析：nothing用于句中表示否定意義，而其他三個詞則表示肯定意義。
（陜西）12. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
12. 答案：A.
考點：考查代詞。
解析：所填詞用于比較狀語從句中，指代句子的主語cost，即指代不可數名詞，用that。This指代下文即將提到的事物；it指代“同一物”；one指代“同類中的一個”之意。[來源:學.科.網]
（10四川）
7. On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby.
A. him B. his C. me D. mine
答案：C
考點：考查代詞。
解析： take a photo of sb意為給某人照相，此處應用人稱代詞的賓格。正確答案為C。
（10全國Ⅱ）12. Neither side is prepared to talk to _________unless we can smooth things over between them.
A. others B. the other C. another D. one other
答案：B
考點：不定代詞考查。
解析： Neither含有“兩者都不”之意，一方對應另一方，故用the other指“兩者中的另一個”。
（10重慶）23. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again.
A. neitherB. eitherC. each D. all
23. 答案B
考點：考查代詞。
解析：由“his temper and health”可以排除C項和D項，由后面的never表否定，選either，never either是全部否定，相當于neither 。
25. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions ______had used the products.
A. whateverB. whoC. whicheverD. which
25. 答案A
考點：考查關系代詞。
解析：______had used the products。是個賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，并且指人，所以用whoever.
（10江西）34 Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.
A of B as C by D with
答案：C.
考點：考察介詞
解析：方式方法可以用by也可以用with, by+ n(方式), with+修飾詞+ n(工具).
（10浙江）14． that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A．OneB．AllC．EverythingD．Anything
答案：B
考點：本題考查不定代詞。
解析：分析四個選項的意思，根據語境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝著正確的方向前行。從而判斷此處選擇all意思最合適
（10全國Ⅱ）14.The doctor thought ___________would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
答案：D
解析：考查It的用法。It的兩個重要用法是作形式主語和形式賓語。本題考查形式賓語，it在這里代指后面的真正賓語to have a holiday。
（10遼寧）33.The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country
A so B. much C. that D. it
答案：D
句意：她是外國人的事實使得她在哪個國家很難找到工作。
解析：考查it的用法。句中for her to get a job in that country是動詞不定式的復合結構做made的賓語，difficult是賓語補足語，此處要用it做形式賓語，其他詞沒有這種用法。
【真題練習】
（2011全國卷II）11．I got this bicycle for ______ ; my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one．
A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing
（2011北京卷）34．The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ___．
A．themB．thoseC．itD．that
（2011上海卷） 26．To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______．
A．the otherB．otherC．the othersD．another
（2011山東卷） 24．The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other．
A．it B．them C．her D．that
（2011江西卷）25．Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention．
A．thatB．itC．hisD．him
（2011安徽卷）22．Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her．
A．them B．her C．itself D．herself
（2011福建卷）21．We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose ____ based on your own interests．
A．either B．each C．one D．it
（2011四川卷）3．There is _____ in his words．W e should have a try．
A． something B． anything C．nothing D．everything
（2011遼寧卷）27．- Would you like tea or coffee?
- ______, thank you．I've just had some water．
A．Either B．Both C．Any D．Neither
（2011天津卷）1．We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place．
A．it B．this C．that D．one
（2011陜西卷）16．-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?
- ____ one?
A．Other B．Every C．Another D．More
（2011重慶卷）27．??Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like．
??What do you think of ______ over there?
A．the one B．this C．it D．that
（2011湖南卷）24．I know that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director．
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
【鞏固練習】
1. Do you really believe that Mr. White has blamed us for the accident, especially ________ ?
A. you and me B. I and you C. you and I D. you and we
2. ?Daddy, which of these smart hats do you like best in the hat shop?
? ________ . They are both expensive and less warm-keeping.
A. Either B. Nothing C. Neither D. None
3. At the shop, they wanted to show me all the dresses, but I was interested only in ________ in the window.
A. this B. that C. it D. the one
4. His earliest plays are excellent, but his latest one is ________ .
A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
5. ?Did ________ of your parents come to attend the opening ceremony?
? ________ of them came.
A. any; None B. any; Neither
C. either; Neither D. either; Any
6. ?What can I do for you?
?I’d like to buy a book, ________ that was written by Lu Xun.
A. which B. one C. but D. all
7. Some of the wheat came from Canada. How about ________ ?
A. another B. the others C. the other D. the rest
8. ?Do you have ________ at home now, Stella?
?No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.
A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything
9. I won’t trust him. He says one thing to your face but does ________ behind your back.
A. other B. the other C. the others D. another
10. Of all the movies Hepbum made ________ is more memorable than “Breakfast at Tiffany’s”.
A. few B. little C. no one D. none
11. ?Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you?
?I’m afraid I do. I’ll be glad to lend money to ________ but Charlie.
A. someone B. everyone C. anyone D. no one
12. The boy spent as much time playing computer games as he ________ studying.
A. does B. was C. had D. did
13. ?I want to have my CD player fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.
?Oh, I know ________ . Come on, I’ll take you there.
A. one B. the one C. ones D. many
14. Will you see to ________ that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season?
A. it B. me C. / D. yourself
15. ?He has two brothers and three sisters. Do you know ________ of them?
?No, I know ________ of them.
A. some; none B. any; some [來源:學科網ZXXK]
C. any; none D. either; some
16. Don’t leave your keys in the car. Someone might steal ________ .
A. one B. that C. this D. it
17. I’ve lost my pen. I can’t find it a nywhere, so I have to buy ________ after school.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
18. ________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.
A. Someone B. Anyone C. Everyone D. No one
19. ?Can I help you?
?I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, ________ at a proper price, but of great use.
A. that B. anyone C. one D. everything
20. The cruelty of the Germans towards the Jews and ________ of the Japanese towards their prisoners, filled ________ with horror.
A. those; someone B. that; everyone
C. it; no one D. this; anyone
21. ?Johnson, there’re a lot of chairs over there. Go and fetch ________ for me.
?Why ________ ? Mike is sitting there doing nothing.
A. one; me B. that; not he C. it; not him D. some; I
22. He cares so little about his meals that ________ will do so long as it fills his stomach.
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
23. I wanted some tea, but there was ________ left in the teapot.
A. none B. any C. nothing D. some
24. ?What an amazing film! It’s the most interesting film I’ve ever seen.
?But I’m sure it won’t interest ________ .
A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
25. ?Have you finished your work yet?
?No, I’ll finish it in ________ fifteen minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
【答案解析】
1. A. 要選的代詞作動詞blame的賓語，當然要用人稱代詞的賓格，故選A。
2. D. 由best可知，該處的hat應有三頂或三頂以上，排除指兩者的A和C。另請注意：后文的both不是指hat，both…and…既(昂貴)又(不保暖)。nothing意為“沒有任何東西、無物”，意義不通。none指三者或三者以上“一個也不”。
3. D. the one替代the dress。(from )
4. D. 此處nothing意為“微不足道的(of no importance)，無價值的(worthless)”；something某事物、重要的或了不起的人或事物；anything任何事物、重要的人或事物；everything每件東西、最重要的事物。
5. C. 兩者：“都”用both，“任一”用either，“一個都不”用neither；多者：“都”用all，“任一”用any，“一個都不”用none。由your parents可知，是指兩者，故選C。
6. B. one替代a book，作前面a book的同位語，后面that was written by Lu Xun是修飾one的定語從句。
7. D. another, the other(s)只能替代可數名詞，而the rest既可替代可數名詞又可替代不可數名詞。句中要替代的wheat，是不可數名詞，所以只有D正確。
8. B. 語境題，幾個答案似乎都可用于疑問句中。但根據still，說明已有一些東西了，只是還需要幾鎊水果和一些茶，所以用everything，問的是否齊全。
9. D. 此句中的another指“另一件事、另一套”，并非特指。the other指“(兩者中的)另外那一個”，the others指“其余的那一些”均為特指；無冠詞的單數other，只能在名詞前作定語，故不能選A、B和C。
10. D. 不難看出要選的代詞是指movie，首先排除只能指代不可數名詞的little。根據動詞is，不能用復數few作主語，排除A。而no one (=nobody)只能指人，因此，只有D正確。
11. C. 由I’m afraid I do. 可知，我把錢借給除Charlie外的任何人，就是不借給他。
12. D. 因為do可以用來替代動詞，以避免重復；句中did替代spent。
13. A. 因為意思是“我知道一家店鋪”；one 用來替代“a +名詞”，指同類事物中的一個，在此句中替代a repair shop。
14. A. 因為see to it that…是習語，與make sure that…相當，意思是“務必要…”。
15. C. 因為指三者或三者以上中的“任何一個”用any，“一個也不”用none。
16. D. 因為指與前面提到的是同一物時，用it，此處it替代the car。
17. B. 因為one用來替代“a /an+單數可數名詞”指同類事物中的一個，此處one替代a pen。
18. A. 因為someone在此指辦公室里的“某一個人”。
19. C. 因為one在題中替代a present，并作a present的同位語。(from )
20. B. 因為指同類事物，又是替代不可數名詞時，只能用that，此處that替代the cruelty。everyone意為“每個人、大家”。
21. A. 因為此處one替代a chair；又因為在簡略回答中習慣上用賓格。
22. C. 因為anything是“無論何物”之意，與語境相符。
23. A. 區分：none一點也沒有；nothing沒有任何東西。
24. C. 因為both, every等與not連用構成部分否定；not…everybody是“并非每一個人”之意。句意是：我相信這部電影不會使每個人都感興趣。
25. A. 表示“另外十五分鐘”用：another fifteen minutes = fifteen other minutes =fifteen more minutes。
1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition.
A. any B. everyone C. either D. each
2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club.
A. each B. all C. every D. both
3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her.
A. It B. What C. That D. Such
4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now.
A. much B. so me C. any D. very
5. -Which of these two ties will you take?-I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ?
A. one B. other C. ones D. others
6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses.
A. much B. all C. neither D. none
7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand.
A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none
8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ .
A. where, it B. that, it
C. which,one D. where,one
9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____?
A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them
10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan.
It can't be better than _____of him.
A. hers B. she C. that D. her
11. -Shall we introduce ____ fire-fighting equipment from abroad?-Go ahead, if necessary.
A. other B. a few more C. another D. some other
12. -How about the price of these refrigerators?-They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_____ at the other stores.
A. others B. it C. that D. the ones
13. -I dislike _____ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind.
-So do I.
A. them B. those C. it D. that
14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_____. I prefer folk music.
A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither
15. Why don' t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _____ in the team.
A. nobody B. anybody else
C. everybody D. somebody else
16. -Are the new methods taking any effect?-Yes,_____ articles are stolen from our supermarket.
A. few B. more C. some D. none
17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_____ brought the room to disorder.
A. it B. and which C. and that D. this
18. I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_____ back.
A. one B. any C. it D. some
19. -Do you have _____ at home now? -No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables.
A. nothing B. everything
C. anything D. something
20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _____ will be a boy.
A. he B. that C. it D. there
21. Surely it's _____ with the big nose you mean, not ____!
A. he, I B. him, me C. him, I D. he, me
22. The temperature can fall to ?30℃. _____ is,30°C below freezing point.
A. Which B. It C. That D. This
23. -The exam was easy, wasn't it?
-Yes, but I don' t think _____ could pass it.
A. somebody B. everybody
C. anybody D. nobody
24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _____ half.
A. every B. each C. another D. either
25. _____ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _____ .
A. None, something B. Some, everything
C. Few, something D. Few, nothing
26. -May I help you with some gloves, sir?
-Yes, I'd like to try those blue ____.
A. one B. ones C. pair D. two
27. Of all my friends _____ will be able to persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it.
A. none B. nobody C. neither D. no one
28. -Is he content to accept our offered price?
-Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is _____ to him.
A. everything B. anything
C. nothing D. something
29. I have no idea which was better, so I took ____ of them.
A. both B. none C. all D. any
30. You mustn't always do _____ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
31. I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like .
A. another B. the other C. others D. one
32. I didn't want either of ____ hats and asked the salesman to show me_____.
A. those, another B. two, the other
C. all, the others D. both, others
33. The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
34. Thank you very much indeed. That' s _____ of you.
A. kindest B. most kind
C. the kinder D. the most kind
35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _____ he says with a grain of salt.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
36. -I love you more than her, child. -You mean more than ____ love her or more than she loves ____?
A. you, me B. I, you C. you, you D. I, me
KEY:
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