Unit 3 Travel journal
語言要點
單元要點預覽（旨在讓同學整體了解本單元要點）
詞匯
部分詞語
辨析1. finally/at last/in the end
2. across/through/over
3. persuade / advise
4. beneath / under / below
詞形
變化1. organize vt. 組織organized adj. 有組織的organization n. 組織
2. wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 毛紡的; 純毛的
3. determine v. 決定 determined adj. 堅決的determination n. 決心; 堅定性
重點
單詞1. prefer v. 更喜歡，選擇某事物（而不選擇其他事物）
2. persuade v. 說服；勸說
3. insist v. 堅持
4. determine v. 決定；確定；下定決心
重點
詞組7.care about 關心，在乎 go through 經歷；經受
8.give in 屈服，讓步，投降；上交
9.change one’s mind 改變主意
重點句子1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河騎車旅游的是我姐姐。（強調句）
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
她堅持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。
重點語法現在進行時表示將 （見語法部分）
I 詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. finally/at last/in the end
【解釋】
finally 有兩個意思，一是在按順序列舉事物或論點時引出最后一項內容，“最后，末了”；二是表示“在經過很長時間之后才，終于。” 另外，finally 一般位于動詞前。
at last強調經過一番努力
in the end強調經過許多困難、變化之后，事情才發生
at last和in the end 同finally 的第二個意思
【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). The war lasted four years before the North won _______________.
2). Your idea will turn out right _________.
3). ______, I want to thank you for helping me.
eys: 1). in the end/ at last 2). in the end 3). Finally
2. across/through/over
【解釋】
across 表示從表面上橫穿，橫跨
through 表示穿過空間內部
over 表示“越過”，指從較高物體的一側到另一側
【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great
deserts.
eys:over…through…across
3. persuade / advise
【解釋】
persuade 指通過勸說、感情交流等而使對方做勸說者所希望的事。強調勸說已收到成效。
advise 并不涉及是否有成效
【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). Some of us ________ him to change his mind but no one could _________ him to do so.
eys: 1). advised…persuade
4. beneath / under / below
【解釋】
beneath 書面用詞，指緊挨……之下
under 普通用詞，指在某物的正下方
below 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方， 所指范圍較寬
【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). Write your name _______ the line.
2). They found the body buried a pile of leaves.
3). They stood ________ a big tree.
eys: 1). below2). beneath3). under
II 詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）
1. organize vt. 組織organized adj. 有組織的organization n. 組織
2. wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 毛紡的; 純毛的
3. determine v. 決定 determined adj. 堅決的determination n. 決心; 堅定性
【練習】用括號內所提供詞的適當形式填空
1) He's involved in the _______ of a new club. (organize)
2) She’s a highly ________ person. (organize)
3）She _______ the class into four groups. (organize)
4）These goats are specially bred for their _______. (wool)
5）Those are _______ blankets (wool)
6）His father is a leader with courage and _________. (determine)
7) She will ________ how it is to be done. (determine)
8) I'm ________ to succeed. (determine)
eys: 1) organization2) organized3) organized4) wool
5) woolen 6) determination7) determine8) determined
Ⅲ 重點詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1. prefer v. （preferred/preferring） 更喜歡，選擇某事物（而不選擇其他事物）
[典例]
1). I prefer dogs to cats. 貓狗之中我更喜歡狗。
2). I prefer speaking the truth to lying. 我寧愿講實話而不愿說謊。
3). Would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next mouth? 你是否更愿意把我們的婚禮推遲到下個月？
[重點用法]
prefer sth../doingprefer A to B
prefer doing A to doing Bprefer (sb.) to do (rather than do)
prefer that-clause
[練習] 中譯英
1). 比起乘坐擁擠的公共汽車，他寧愿騎自行車。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 瑪麗更愿意我在外面等她。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
2). ary prefers me to wait for her outside.
2. persuade v. 說服；勸說
[典例]
1). We persuaded him to take the job / into taking the job. 我們說服了他接受這份工作。
2). y mother finally persuaded me not to go to the party / out of going to the party.
媽媽最終說服我不參加這次聚會。
3). How can I persuade you of my sincerity？ 我如何能讓你相信我是真誠的？
4). I am almost persuaded that he is honest. 我幾乎相信了他是誠實的。
[重點用法]
persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth. 勸阻某人做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade that-clause 使某人相信...
[練習] 中譯英
1）他正試圖說服他的朋友放棄抽煙。
2) 我們使亨利相信是他錯了。
3) 我幾乎相信他是誠實的。
ey：1) He is trying to persuade his friends to give up smoking.
2) We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.
3)I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
3. insist v. 堅持
[典例]
You can come back later, if you insist. 如果你一定要堅持，你就稍后再吧。
[重點用法]
insist on/upon sth./( sb’s) doing 堅持某事/要求（某人）做某事
I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然堅持我的觀點。
He insisted on paying for the meal. 他堅持要付飯錢。
other insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 媽媽堅決要求我們自己洗衣服。
[練習] 選擇填空
1). The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
2). I insist that a doctor _______ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
3). Some people insisted that the person _____ a thief and insisted that he _____ to the police station.
A. was; be taken B. was, would be taken
C. should be; should be taken D. be; be taken
eys: 1). C 2). D3). A
4. determine v. 決定；確定；下定決心
[典例]
1). Attitude determines everything. 態度決定一切。
2). We determined to go to the railway station at once. 我們決定立刻去火車站。
3). I wonder what determined her to marry him in the end. 我想知道是什么使她最終下決心嫁給他的。
4). The court determined that the man was guilty of robbery. 法庭裁定那個人犯了搶劫罪。
[重點用法]
determine on/upon (doing) sth.determine + n.
determine to do sth.determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定決心做某事
determine + that-clause
adj. be determined to do sth.
[練習] 中譯英
1). 你決定好暑假做什么了嗎？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她決心要上哈佛大學。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). Have you determined what to do in the summer holidays?
2).She was determined to go to Harvard University.
Ⅳ 重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1. care about 關心，在乎
[典例]
1). The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的東西就是金錢。
2). Family members should always care about each other. 一家人應該互相關心。
[短語歸納]
care for 喜歡（多用于否定、疑問句）；照顧
I don’t care for coffee. 我不喜歡喝咖啡。
Could you help care for my child when I am out？ 我外出時能幫忙照顧下我的孩子嗎？
[練習] 中譯英
1). 她關心的只是她的社交活動。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他深深地愛著她。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). All she cares about is her social life.
2). He cares for her deeply.
2. give in 屈服，讓步，投降；上交
[典例]
1). Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于無法說服我，他不得不認輸。
2). It’s time to give in your examination papers. 到了交試卷的時間了。
[短語歸納]
give in (to sb./sth.) 向…讓步give up sth./doing 放棄（做）某事
give away 贈送；泄露 give back 歸還；恢復
give off 放出，散發(光、熱、煙、氣味等) give over 交付
give out vt. 分配；分發；發布 vi.（食物，燃料，電力等）用光；筋疲力盡
[練習] 用 give 構成的短語的適當形式填空。
1). When will the food supplied of our enemy________.
2). He intended to________ a large amount of money to the Project Hope.
3). Because of his low salary, he had to _________ his dream trip to Europe.
eys: 1). give out2). give away3). give up
3. change one’s mind 改變主意
make up one’s mind (to do) 下定決心（做某事）
[典例]
1). aybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over. 也許你仔細考慮之后會改變主意。
2). I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已經下定決心，不管你說什么我都不會改主意了。
[短語歸納]
與mind 有關的常用短語
have a/no mind to do 有/無意做lose one’s mind 失去理智
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思speak one’s mind 直言不諱
be of the same mind 意見一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意
give one’s mind to 注意…keep one’s mind on 專心于…
take one’s mind off sth. 轉移某人的注意力bear/keep sth. in mind 記住某事
bring/call sth. to mind 回憶某事put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事
[練習] 中譯英
1). 我決心當醫生。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 任何事情都不能使我改變主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). I've made up my mind to be a doctor.
2). Nothing will make me change my mind.
V重點句子 （旨在提供句子結構等所需材料）
1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河騎車旅游的是我姐姐。
[解釋] 強調句型 It is/was + 被強調部分 + that/who + 其余部分。被強調部分可以是原句的主語、賓語、狀語、從句。
強調主語：
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
關鍵是你的工作能力而不是你從哪或你是誰。
強調賓語：
It was ichael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把這張票給了麥克。
強調時間狀語：
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
大約600年前，第一個有鐘面和時針的鐘誕生了。
強調地點狀語：
It was in Brooklyn that Beckham first met Victoria, so they named their first son Brooklyn.
布魯克林是貝克漢姆和維多利亞第一次相遇的地方，所以他們給第一個兒子取名布魯克林。
強調從句：
It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
醫生之所以決定為他動手術，是因為他病情危險。
[練習] 中譯英
1). 我把這張票給了麥克。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 醫生之所以決定為他動手術，是因為他病情危險。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). It was ichael that/who I gave this ticket to.
2). It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
[解釋]insist + that-clause
insist 意為“堅持要求（做某事）”時，賓語從句用虛擬語氣，謂語用should do的形式, should可省略；而insist 意為“堅持認為，堅持某種觀點”時，賓語從句的動詞時態根據具體的語境變化，不用虛擬語氣。
He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. 他堅持認為自己沒有犯錯。
The bodyguards insisted that the president (should) keep away from the crowd for the sake of safety. 出于安全考慮，護衛人員堅決要求總統遠離人群。
suggest (建議)，demand (要求)，require (要求)，request (請求)，order (命令)等動詞的賓語從句也常用 “(should) do” 表示虛擬語氣。
[練習] 中譯英
1). 我堅決要求你立刻采取行動把事情處理好。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他反應冷淡表明他并不喜歡這個主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right.
2). His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea.
要點（模塊）
1詞匯等填空（旨在復習本中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）
根據內容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：
Wang un and his sister Wang wei had a dream 1 taking a bike trip along the ekong River. They began their trip from 2 it begins to where it ends. Wang Wei was so stubborn that 3 she was 4 ( 決心) to do something , nothing could 5 her mind. So though Wang un had different idea about the trip but he had to give 6 .
The ekong River begins at a glacier on a Tibetan mountain 7 an altitude of more than 5,000 metres. It passes 8 deep valleys, 9 (travel) 10 western Yunnan Province and finally flows into the South China Sea.
答案：1. of/about2. where3. once4. determined5. change6. in7. with8. through9. traveling10. across
2大意概括 （旨在訓練用30個單詞概括大意的能力）
閱讀，試著用30個單詞概括大意或翻譯下面短。
王昆和他的姐姐沿著媚公河騎自行車游覽。他們對媚公河的地理環境和沿途風景作了詳盡的描寫。
The passage is about_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The passage is about Wang un and his sister cycling along the ekong River and they gave a detailed description of the river including its geographical situation and the scenery along the river.
3佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養對難句的理解和寫作能力）
1.【原句】It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire ekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿著湄公河從頭到終點騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。
[模仿要點] 句子結構： 強調句 It is /was + 強調部分+ that/who…
【模仿1】正是樹的綠蔭保護我們免于太陽的照射，使我們精力更加充沛。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is the green shade from the trees that protect us from the sun, making us feel more energetic.
【模仿2】一直到奧運會在中國舉行，世界才充分領略了中國化的魅力。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is not until the 29th Olympic Games were hosted in China that the world completely experience the charm of Chinese culture.
[模仿要點] 句子結構：定語從句where 的用法
【模仿3】他在他出生和成長的地方投資了一家車廠，年產10萬汽車
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：He invested a car factory where he was born and grew up, which produced 10,000 cars per year.
【模仿4】在很難找到食物的地方就沒有什么鳥能長年棲息.
____________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Where food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year.
單元自測 （模塊）
1完形填空
閱讀下面短，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
字數：217完成時間：15分鐘難度：***
When it’s 10:15 in New York, it’s 9:15 in Salt Lake City, and 7:15 in San Francisco ? isn’t it? This consistent and orderly time system, based on a grid of time 21 , seems so natural that people 22 give it a moment’s thought. So you may find it surprising to learn that prior to the late 1800s each community 23 its own time ? by looking at the sun. When the sun shone directly overhead in Washington, D.C., for example, it was 12:00 noon there; up the road in Philadelphia, 24 , it was 12:07, and in Boston it was 12:24. To measure time with absolute accuracy, it is necessary to move the clock about one minute for every twelve miles of distance; so according to “sun time” your pocket watch would be slightly 25 if you ventured only a few miles down the road.
It was not until the advent of widespread railroad travel that a need 26 for 27 time. At one point over 300 local times were honored within the 28 , making it literally impossible for trains to arrive consistently on time 29 . As a result, in 1883 the continental United States was divided into four time longitude. The standardization resulting from this system 30 so helpful that in 1884 the International eridian Conference applied the same procedure to establish time zones around the world.
21.A.areasB.districtsC.zonesD.divisions
22.A.usuallyB.neverC.onlyD.rarely
23.A.madeB.establishedC.arrangedD.founded
24.A.howeverB.thereforeC.meanwhileD.by contrast
25.A.differentB.wrongC.incorrectD.mistaken
26.A.arrivedB.raisedC.happenedD.arose
27.A.regularizedB.organizedC.correctedD.standardized
28.A.stateB.countyC.worldD.country
29.A.everywhereB.anywhereC.nowhereD.somewhere
30.A.was provedB.has been provedC.was provingD.proved
[答案]
21. C. 時區time zone, 是固定詞組。
22. D. 人們習以為常了，所以很少想到它，選rarely, 經常想起、從不想起和只想起它都不合理。
23. B. 句意應為每個地區都確立自己的時間，只有establish可以表示建立制度。
24. A.根據上下可判斷出此處為轉折對比關系， 而by contrast 表示相反的對比，所以選however。
25. C. 根據“太陽時”，只要離開幾英里，表就會有一些不準，而不是不同、錯誤或誤解。
26. D. 需要出現應該搭配的動詞是arise。
27. A. 是需要調整時間，而不是使時間有組織、改變或標準化。
28. D. 根據上下，是在美國境內有300多個地區時。
29. A. 根據意，火車不可能在每個地方都準時，所以選everywhere, 和impossible 構成部分否定。
30. D．該系統被證明很幫助，應該用prove的主動形式，時態用一般過去時。
2語法填空
閱讀下面短，按照句子結構的語法性和上下連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為31-40的相應位置上。
字數：147完成時間：8分鐘難度：**
Usually male butterflies are more brightly colored than the female. The female have bigger and heavier bodies, 31 they carry the eggs. The bright colors of the male help to attract the female, and the duller colors of the female make them 32 likely to be caught by enemies before they 33 (lay) their eggs. 34 butterflies have a bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings which are shown 35 flying. But when they rest on a tree or 36 (leaf) they close their wings. On the undersides of their wings there are green and brown marks 37 look like the tree or leaves. They are then difficult to 38 (see).
any butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes. When they are resting, their wings are closed, and these cannot be seen When a bird sees 39 , and begins to attack it, the butterfly 40 open its wings. The bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it, and so it is frightened, and flies away.
[答案]
31．since 32．1ess 33．have laid 34．Some 35．when／while 36．leaves 37．which／that 38．be seen 39．one 40．would
31．since，“由于，既然”表原因。
32．1ess，從上下可知此處是“雌飛蛾的較死板的顏色使她們在產完卵之前較少有可能被敵人抓住”。
33．have laid，由before可知考查動詞的現在完成時態。
34．Some，不定代詞，“一些”。
35．when／while，when／while+ving分詞相當于由when引導的時間狀語從句，“正在飛時”。
36．leaves，leaf的復數形式是leaves。
37．which／that，關系代詞，引導限制性定語從句?
38．be seen，考查動詞不定式的被動語態，意為“然后他們很難被看見”。
39．one，不定代詞，指代任意一只butterfly。
40．would，表一種必然的動作或經常的動作。
3閱讀理解
閱讀下列短，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
詞數：334完成時間：7分鐘難度：***
Yi So-yeon, an engineer from Seoul, returned to Earth on Saturday after 11 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS), along with Russian cosmonaut Yuri alenchenko and US astronaut Peggy Whitson.
A technical problem turned a routine (常規) return to Earth into a sharper than usual descent (下降) that tested the group members' stamina and courage. They landed in the azakh steppes ( 大草原) about 420km (260 miles) wide of their target.
"During the descent there was some kind of fire outside the Soyuz capsule because we were going through the atmosphere," Yi said.
"At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay, so I tried to look okay too."
Yi smiled and joked her way through a 10-minute news briefing at Star City, the wooded Sovietera cosmonaut training centre on the edge of osco However, alenchenko and Whitson looked tired and thin after nearly six months in space. Their answers were short and Whitson needed support to balance when she walked. The 29-year-old Yi has become famous in South orea since the take-off but she brushed this aside and said she has had little contact with friends or family since returning.
"In fact, they are the heroes right now," Yi said, referring to alenchenko and Whitson. "I'm just a beginner and a little ashamed to say that I am a hero." She did, though, relate a more light-hearted incident on the ISS.
"I sang 'Fly e to the oon" Yi said about the 1950s pop song. "It's my favorite song from university although at that time I didn't know I would be an astronaut."
The capsule's so-called "ballistic" re-entering made the group members face twice the usual pull from the centre of the earth. The flames Yi described may have been caused by friction (摩擦) heating the capsule as it fell through the atmosphere.
Whitson told reporters that Saturday's ballistic landing, was irregular but not an emergency.
"The Soyuz has been through its history very reliable and there has obviously been some issue in the last couple of descents which went ballistic, but I'm sure the engineers will determine what the problems are and get them fixed," she said.
In October, a Soyuz capsule carrying alaysia's first space tourist touched down about 200 km (125 miles) off course in a similar ballistic landing caused by a technical problem.
The Soyuz is the world's longest-serving manned space capsule. An early version of the craft, the Vostok, carried the first person into space in 1961.
Whitson, 48, has become the American with the longest amount of time in space with 377 days.
41. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Flight in space is very dangerous
B. Not everybody can go into space
C. Fearful landing tests the orean astronaut
D. Yi didn't know she would be an astronaut when she was young
42. The reason why Yi Suo-yeon felt afraid at first was that __________.
A. a fire was caused by the friction
B. she had no such experience before
C. she was not brave enough
D. the other two didn't help her
43. From the passage, we can learn that __________.
A. Yi So-yeon, a space tourist came from South orea
B. Whitson became energetic when they landed on earth
C. the two other guys were not afraid during the descent
D. the Soyuz, an unmanned space capsule, had a long history
44. The underlined phrase in this passage means __________.
A. out of work B. out of control C. in the wrong direction D. in danger
45. We can conclude from this passage that __________.
A. experience is very important for astronauts to ensure safety
B. Yi Suo-yeon will never return to the space station
C. people are not willing to experience the space flight
D. we should draw a lesson from the accident
[答案]
本講述Yi Suo-yeon與另外兩名宇航員在太空站11天后返回的不平凡經歷。
41. C。主旨大意題。令人恐懼的著陸讓進入太空的韓國宇航員經受了一次考驗。
42. B。細節理解題。根據第六段推理得出, Yi開始時恐懼的原因是以前沒有過這種經歷。
43. C。由“At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay...”判斷得出答案。
44. C。詞意猜測題。off course偏離軌道。
45. A。推理判斷題。有上下推理可得:飛行員的經驗在旅途中能夠對安全起很大作用。
4寫作訓練
請根據下列信息，用英語寫一篇關于2008年諾貝爾獎化學獎得主華人科學家錢永健教授的簡介
[寫作內容] 錢永健教授的簡介提示：
姓名：錢永健國籍：美國出生年月：1952年出生地：紐約
獲獎及
相關情況：2008年諾貝爾化學獎，其研究為生物和醫學試驗帶革命。其父親是名機械工程師，堂叔是我國著名科學家錢學森。錢永健教授是自諾貝爾獎頒發逾100多年，第七位獲諾貝爾獎的華人科學家。
教育及
工作經歷：16歲獲“少年諾貝爾獎” ，20歲，在哈佛大學獲得物理和化學學士學位，現供職美國加州大學圣迭戈分校化學及藥理系。
[寫作要求]
1．只能使用5個句子表達全部內容：
2．中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱。
[評分標準]
句子結構準確，信息內容完整，篇結構連貫。
[寫作向導]
1．時態：人物介紹應根據人物不同時期做的事情使用不同的時態。
2．可用詞匯與句型：the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for2008諾貝爾化學獎，Roger Y. Tsien 錢永健教授，
Harvard University哈佛大學，University of California San Diego School美國加州大學圣迭戈分校。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
Roger Y. Tsien, A Nobel Prize Winner For 2008
Roger Y. Tsien, born in New York in 1952, is a Chinese American who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2008. His research has brought a revolution to the research and experiments on biology and medicine. His uncle is Xue Sen Tsien, a great Chinese famous scientist. Roger Y. Tsien is the seventh Chinese American scientist who is a Nobel Prize winner in the over-100-year history of the prize. At the age of 16, he got the Nobel Prize for Youngsters in USA. Later, he studied in Harvard University and got bachelor degrees of chemistry and physics at the age of 20 there. He has been working at the department of Chemistry & edicine in University of California San Diego School.
Unit 4 Earthquakes
語言要點（模塊）
單元要點預覽（旨在讓同學整體了解本單元要點）
詞匯
部分詞語
辨析1. congratulate / celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
3. rise / raise / lift
4. hurt / injure / wound
詞形
變化1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的
2. nation n. 民族；國家；國民national adj. 民族的；國家的
3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦頭suffering n. 苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者
重點
單詞1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發, 突然破裂
2. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時常用復數）
3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救
4. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計
重點
詞組10.right away 立刻，馬上
11.at an end 結束，終結
12.instead of 代替，而不
13.tens of thousands of 數以萬計的
重點句子1. ice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
2. All hope was not lost.
重點語法定語從句 （見語法部分）
I詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. congratulate / celebrate
【解釋】
congratulate 對他人祝賀為目的，側重以言語表示祝賀。
celebrate 通常指舉行盛大隆重的儀式慶祝或紀念有意義的日子或某事情。側重指以行動慶祝生日、節日等。
【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). I _________ you on your success.
2). We held a party to __________ our success..
答案: 1). congratulate2). celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
【解釋】
destroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀，使之無法恢復，也可以表示對某物體進行完全的毀壞。
ruin一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊
的結果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。
damage 一般指對物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價值或作用降低或變得無價值、無作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結果，也可以指非暴力的長期損害的結果。
harm 一般指傷害有生命的東西，常指傷及人的健康、權利、事業等。
【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time.
答案:1). cheated2). fool
3. rise / raise / lift
【解釋】
rise 普通用詞，指具體的抽象的事物由低向高移動。
raise 及物動詞，多指把某物從低處升到高處。
lift 語氣比raise強，指用體力或機械的力舉起或抬起某物。
【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). She ________ her eyes from her work.
2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see.
3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.
答案: 1). raised2). Lift3). rise
4. hurt / injure / wound
【解釋】
hurt 一般用語，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神和情感方面的傷害。
injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受傷，很少指精神方面的傷害.
wound 指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指在戰爭中受傷。
【練習】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). The soldier was ______ in the arm in the war.
2). She was _______ slightly in an accident during the work.
3). I was very much _______ at his words.
答案: 1). wounded2). injured 3). hurt
II詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）
1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的
2. nation n. 民族；國家；國民national adj. 民族的；國家的
3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦頭suffering n. 苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者
【練習】用括號內所提供詞的適當形式填空
1) He’s travelled to the ________ of Western Europe. (nation)
2) We are talking about _________ and international issues. (nation)
3） ___________ children were calling for their mothers.. (frighten)
4） The child __________to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)
5） It is even _________ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)
6） We ________ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer)
7) They’re arthritis __________. (suffer)
8) There is so much __________ in this world. (suffer)
答案: 1) nations2) national3) Frightened4) was frightened
5) frightening6) suffered7) sufferers8) suffering
Ⅲ重點詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發, 突然破裂
[典例]
1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那個紅色的氣球突然爆了。
2). The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。
3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.
一聽到這則消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy則突然大哭起。
4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.
歌聲結束后響起了一陣掌聲。
[重點用法]
burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑
burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭
[練習] 中譯英
1). 水管在寒冷的天氣里經常凍裂。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 太陽突然從云端里露出。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1).Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
2). The sun burst through the clouds.
2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救
[典例]
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察救他，把他從河里拉了出。
2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
營救隊在這次地震期間進行了無數次救援。
3). ichael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克把溺水的男孩救了起。
[重點用法]
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..從……營救出
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊
a rescue mission 救援任務 rescue workers 救援人員
[練習] 用rescue的適當形式填空
1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.
答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued
3. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計
[典例]
1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過去是一名法官。
2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鑒別酒的專家。
3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人無法判斷顏色。
4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
[重點用法]
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過……判斷……
as far as I judge 我認為
judging from… 從……看， 根據……判斷
[練習] 用與judge相關的詞匯填空
1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.
2). _______ , he must be from the south.
答案: 1). Judging2). In her judgment
4. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時常用復數）
[典例]
1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 颶風使這里所有的房屋成為廢墟。
2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。
[重點用法]
be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to ruin 毀滅，落空
ruin oneself 自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅
[練習] 中譯英
1). 那建筑物已成斷壁殘垣。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 那教堂已破敗不堪。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). The building is in ruins.
2). The church has fallen into ruin.
Ⅳ 重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1. right away 立刻，馬上
[典例]
1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我會馬上還書給你。
2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.
如果戰爭爆發，我們將立即被征召服役。
[短語歸納]
“立刻，馬上”的表達方式：
right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time
[練習] 中譯英
1). 請立刻把它打印出。
答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.
2. at an end 結束，終結（= finished）
[典例]
1). The war was finally at an end. 戰爭終于結束了。
[短語歸納]
與end搭配的常用短語
at the end of 在……末尾by the end of 在……末為止
in the end 最后，終于at a loose end 無所事事，處于雜亂狀態
make ends meet 收支相抵
[練習] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。
1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?
2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.
3). y uncle will fly to China _________ this year.
答案: 1). by the end of2). in the end3). at the end of
3. instead of 代替，而不是
[典例]
1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中國人不用刀叉,用筷子。
2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。
3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of onday.
她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。
[短語歸納]
instead 是副詞，單獨使用，用于句首或句末作狀語，意為“代替；相反”。
instead of 是復合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或動名詞，其后面的動作，意為“代替、而不……”。
in place of 為介詞短語，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of則是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，還有對乙作否定的意思，有時意為“不”。
take the place of 作謂語，用在名詞、代詞前。
[練習] 單項選擇。
1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places.
A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of
2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day.
A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of
答案:
1). B2). D
4. tens of thousands of 數以萬計的
[典例]
1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
[短語歸納]
hundreds of數百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of數千的millions of數百萬的
dozens of許多； 大量scores of 許多； 大量
[練習] 選擇填空
1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.
A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands of
C. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands
2). There were ____________ people in the hall.
A. two scores of B. scores of
C. two and score D. two scores
答案: 1). A2). B
V重點句子 （旨在提供句子結構等所需材料）
1. ice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。
[解釋] 這句話中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴隨狀況，這是動詞的現在分詞形式的一個用法。
現在分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結果、條、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
（1）現在分詞短語作時間狀語，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時可由連詞when, while引出。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。
（2）現在分詞短語作原因狀語，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。
any of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.
因為非常激動，那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。
（3）現在分詞短語作結果狀語。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
（4）現在分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他們在那兒站了半小時，觀察著天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起。
（5）現在分詞間或也可作條狀語和讓步狀語，相當于一個狀語從句。如：
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
一個人如站在大的腳下會發現自己很渺小。
nowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。
注：現在分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語。
（6）“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+現在分詞”結構在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況或時間、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時間的推移，他的頭發變花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the windo 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。
[練習] 中譯英
1). 因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the windo
2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。
[解釋]All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的學生都知道如何解決個問題。
I don’t know all of them. 我并不認識他們所有的人。
表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副詞not連用時表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：
Everyone doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story.
并非每個人都喜歡這個故事。
Nobody likes the story. 沒人喜歡這個故事。
Both of the students don’t like the story. 并非這兩個學生這個故事。
Neither of the students likes the story. 這兩個學生都不喜歡這個故事。
[練習] 中譯英
1). 并非這兩個學生這個故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 這兩個學生都不喜歡這個故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Both of the students don’t like the story.
2). Neither of the students likes the story.
要點（模塊）
1詞匯等填空（旨在復習本中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）
根據內容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：
Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened. A 1 (有味道的) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve). At 3:00 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at 3 end. In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in 4 (廢墟), and the number of people 5 (受傷的) or killed reached more than 400,000. Water, food and 6 (electric) were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use) pieces of steel. But all hope was not lost. The rescue team 8 (organize) by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者) and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸) again.
答案：1. smelly2. nervous3. an4. ruins5. injured6. electricity7. useless8. organized9. survivors10. breathe
2大意概括 （旨在訓練用30個單詞概括大意的能力）
閱讀，試著用30個單詞概括大意或翻譯下面的短，再比較答案
這篇描述了地震前的征兆和地震的過程和唐地震造成的后果。它顯示出地震后的駭人的情景和告訴我們怎樣才能把地震的危害降到最低。
The article describes _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The article describes both the signs before an earthquake and the course and the result of Tangshan earthquake in 1976. It shows us the terrible image of earthquakes and tells us what we should do to minimize the damage by an earthquake.
3佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養對難句的理解和寫作能力）
1.【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當一回事，當天晚上照常睡著了。
[模仿要點] 句子結構：由which引導的非限制性定語從句
【模仿1】李宇春現象超越了她的聲音，即使最狂熱歌迷們也承認她的聲音是非常弱的。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The Li Yuchun phenomenon, however, goes far beyond her voice, which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak
【模仿2】據報道，心臟病和癌癥成了中年人的頭號殺手，這給我們敲響了警鐘。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the top killers of middle-aged people in China, which give us a warming.
2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的師內醫院，75%的工廠和建筑物，90%的家園都消失了。
[模仿要點] 句子結構：數字+of which/whom 引導的非限制性定語從句
【模仿1】從七月上旬開始, 20天的干旱和高溫 襲擊了重慶的人們, 其中50% 的人們處于嚴重缺水狀態。
________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：ore than 20 days of drought and high temperatures since early July have hit the population of Chongqin, 50% of whom are in a state of a severe lack of water.
【模仿2】參加奧運會吉祥物競選的參與者有662人，其中611人自中國大陸，12人自香港，澳門和臺灣，39人自國外。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：There were 662 people who competed in the selection of Olympic mascots, of whom 611 were from the Chinese mainland, 12 from Hong ong, acao and Taiwan, and 39 from abroad.
單元自測 （模塊）
1完形填空
閱讀下面短，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
字數：192完成時間：14分鐘難度：***
The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自動售貨機) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 1 to identify age by studying facial features.
By having the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 3 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said.
"With face 4 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 5 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 6 as well," Yamamoto said.
But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 7 .
Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 10 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.
1. A. system B. machineC. program D. monitor
2. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted
3. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare
4. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression
5. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors
6. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved
7. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread
8. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly
9. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users
10. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer
答案：
1. A 從第二段及最后一段第一句可以判斷：一家日本公司研制出一套年齡識別體系。
2. B attach to 所附的，“附在機器上的數碼相機”。其他三個選項不符合語境。
3. D compare ... to ... “系統將面部特征與十萬多人的面部數據進行對比”。其他三個選項動詞盡管可以和介詞to連用，但不符合語境。
4. C features 特征，structure 構造，recognition 識別，expression表情，選項C符合語境。
5. D從第一句及最后一句可以判斷。minor未成年人，本首句提到吸煙的合法年齡是20歲，自動售貨機要確保購買者不是未成年人。
6. A 年齡識別系統可以避免未成年人借用身份證購買香煙的問題。clarify澄清。
7. B 因涉及到準確性問題，這套面部識別方法還有待批準。
8. B 該系統能正確識別出約90%的使用者。
9. D 從第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判斷，該系統識別的是使用自動售貨機購買香煙者。故選users。
10. A 從baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的長相顯老的未成年人和娃娃臉的成年人進入“灰色地帶”。
2語法填空
閱讀下面短，按照句子結構的語法性和上下連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為31-40的相應位置上。
字數：202完成時間：10分鐘難度：***
Wang Hong was born in 1985 in Guangzhou, China. Even when she was a baby, she loved to draw lines everywhere. 1 (see) this, her father decided to help her. He gave her paint, brushes and paper. She practised hard 2 improved very quickly. Soon her lines became flowers, trees and animals. Some of her pictures 3 (show) in an art exhibition in Shanghai at the age of 4. By the age of six, Wang Hong 4 (make) over 4,000 paintings. She loved to draw animals, especially monkey and cats. 5 her father was good at drawing, he didn't give her any art lessons. He even stopped painting his own pictures. 6 , he often took the little girl to parks and zoos to get ideas for her work. 7 this way, Wang Hong developed her own style of painting 8 bright colours. All her pictures were different from others.
At the age of 8, 9 of her monkey paintings was made into a Chinese stamp. Later, she started to draw pictures of country scenery and people. And when she was just 14, she became the youngest person to have 10 (person) shows in Washington D.C. and many other cities around the world.
答案：
1．Seeing，現在分詞短語作時間狀語，相當于when her father saw this，
2．and，表并列關系：
3．were shown，考查動詞的被動語態用法：
4．had made， 由前By the age of six可知, 此處應用過去完成時態。
5．Although/ though，“雖然，盡管”表讓步關系：
6．Instead，“相反，而是”，表轉折：
7．In，in this way是固定搭配，“用這種方法”：
8．with，介詞“用，有”：
9．one，one of+名詞復數表“……之一”：
10．personal，person的形容詞，“個人的”：
3 信息匹配（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）
請閱讀下列應用及相關信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請在答題卡上將對應題號的相應選項字母涂黑。
以下是請求幫助者的資料：
[A]. As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.
[B]. Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can't stop it. How badly he needs someone's help.
[C]. ane, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn't knohich bus to take. What's worse, since she does not knoords, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.
[D]. "Helping hand" organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.
[E]. "Green Earth" cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don't know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth.
[F]. A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children's future.
以下是樂于提供幫助的人員信息介紹，請匹配他們與所對應的幫助對象。
1. Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
2. Ben: After graduation, I don't want to apply for a job at once Instead, I plan to spare one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I'll get valuable experience for my future career.
3. Susan: I'm a girl from England and has studied French for years. I'm here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.
4. Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people's problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I'm working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.
5. Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV programme. What a sight. They have only bone and skin left. What's worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.
[答案] 求助者——提供幫助的人
1. C 關鍵詞：she doesn’t knohich bus to take; she does not knoords; they could not read。
2. F 關鍵詞：in great need of teacher; knowledge; education。
3. A 關鍵詞：They need someone who can teach them foreign languages; at night; volunteer work; know about China。
4. B 關鍵詞：addicted to on-line games; realizes he is wrong; can’t stop; need help; listen patiently; offer some advice。
5. D 關鍵詞：the starving children; the children are dying because of lack of food。
4寫作訓練
閱讀下面的短，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短。
What ls the Best Preparation for Life?
Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to work with others and be cooperative. In life we are faced with many types of situations. Each situation requires us to behave in different ways. In school or work we may be faced with a large project which demands the cooperation of many individuals. In this instance, each person must be flexible, supportive and be willing to compromise because he is only a small part of a much larger machine.
Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the be preparation. Being competitive also has a place in life. The desire to succeed arid better than others will motivate us to work hard on the job and study diligently school. But competition has its limits.
[寫作內容]
1．以約30個詞概括短的要點；
2．然后以約120個詞就“人生最好的準備”這個主題發表你的看法，至少包括以下的內容要點：
a)我們生活在競爭與合作共生共存的時代，要與人相容(compatible)，合作共處；
b)今天的事業是集體的競爭，與他人相容，善于合作的人成功機會更大；
c)你對此有什么看法，為什么?
[寫作要求]
你可以使用實例或其他論述方法支持你的論點，也可以參照閱讀材料的內容但不能抄襲閱讀材料中的句子。
[評分標準]
概括準確、語言規范、內容合適、篇連貫。
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答案
There are almost two opinions about preparation for life. One is learning to work and cooperate with others. The other is to compete because the desire to succeed and do better than others motivates to work hard.
We are living in the age of competition, cooperation and coexistence, so we should be compatible and cooperative with others. The business today is a collective competition, where some people are compatible with others. Those who work in closer cooperation with the other people can have a larger opportunity to succeed in the end.
Similarly, students' learning goals may be structured to promote cooperative, competitive, or individualistic efforts. In cooperation, students work against each other to achieve a goal. In competition there is a negative interdependence among goal achievements.
So I think too much desire to compete with others may become selfish and destructive. In order to succeed in life, we must learn to be both cooperative and competitive. The most important thing to learn in life is to knohen tobe cooperative and when to be competitive.
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.lg566.com/gaoyi/38929.html
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