Unit 5 Nelson andela- a modern hero
語言要點（模塊）
單元要點預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點）
詞匯
部分詞語
辨析1. fight for/against/with
2. reward / award
3. accept / receive
4. since / because / as / for
詞形
變化1. cruel adj. 殘暴的, 殘忍的cruelty n. 殘暴, 殘忍
2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 順利的, 有前途的hopeless adj. 沒有希望的; 令人絕望的
3. educate vt. 教育education n. 教育; 教育體制educated adj. 受過教育的; 受過訓(xùn)練的
重點
單詞1. devote vt. 投入；獻身
2. vote v. 投票（決定）；選舉 n. 投票, 選票,表決, 得票數(shù)
3. reward n. 報酬，獎金vt. 酬謝，給以報答
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
5. advise v. 建議
重點
詞組1.be in prison 在獄中，被監(jiān)禁
2.out of work 失業(yè),出問題
3.lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心
重點句子1.We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
2.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
重點語法定語從句 （見語法部分）
Ⅰ 詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. fight for/against/with
【解釋】
fight for/against/with
fight for 為……而斗爭；努力爭取
fight against 與……作斗爭
fight with 和……并肩作戰(zhàn)，和……打仗/打架/斗爭
【練習(xí)】用正確的fight短語填空
1). We will have to ________ difficulties.
2). They told the workers to _________ their rights.
3). During World War II, the British _________ Frenchmen against Germans.
eys:1). fight against2). fight for 3). fought with
2. reward / award
【解釋】
award用作名詞時，意為“獎品”、“獎金”、“獎”;
reward作名詞時，作“報酬”、“獎勵”、“報答”講。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). The film ________ are presented annually．
2). A __________ was offered for the return of the passport．
eys: 1). awards2). reward
3. accept / receive
【解釋】
accept (接受)表示主觀上樂意接受。還表示“答應(yīng)”、“同意”、“認同”
receive (收到,得到), 表示客觀收到, 還不能斷定是否接受。還表示“接待”、“接收”、“歡迎”
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
I ________ his letter of invitation, but I didn't ________ it.
eys:received…accept
4. since / because / as / for
【解釋】
since =now that 意為“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。
because表語氣最強, 經(jīng)常表聽者不知的原因,它能回答why的提問。
as 可和because互換,但語氣不夠它強,也不能回答why的提問。
for 是并列連詞,與后面的分句對前一句話起到補充說明的作用,其前常有逗號隔開。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當形式填空
1). I can’t go _________ I’m ill.
2). ________ the rain has stopped, let’s go out for a walk.
3). ________ I’m leaving tomorrow, I’ve bought you a gift.
4). It must have rained last night, ________ the ground is wet.
eys: 1). because2). Since 3). As 4). for
II詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）
1. cruel adj. 殘暴的, 殘忍的cruelty n. 殘暴, 殘忍
2. hope n. v.希望; 期望hopeful adj. 有希望的, 順利的, 有前途的hopeless adj. 沒有希望的; 令人絕望的
3. educate vt. 教育education n. 教育; 教育體制educated adj. 受過教育的; 受過訓(xùn)練的
【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空
1) She is a highly ________ woman (educate)
2) Parents should _________ their children to behave well. (educate)
3） A child receives its early _________ at home. (educate)
4） any a young _________ went to Hollywood. (hope)
5） Our ________ for fine weather were not disappointed. (hope)
6） ost of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a ________ case. (hope)
7) Don't be ________ to animals. (cruel)
8) He saw a lot of _________ in the prison camp. (cruel)
eys: 1) educated2) educate3) education4) hopeful
5) hopes 6) hopeless7) cruel 8) cruelty
Ⅲ重點詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1. devote vt. 投入；獻身
[典例]
1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他將一生奉獻給了音樂。
2). ary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 瑪麗獻身于為病人服務(wù)。
[重點用法]
devote… to… 獻身于；專心于
在devote… to…短語中，to是介詞，后面接名詞或動詞-ing。常見的類似短語還有：
pay attention to（注意……）; stick to（堅持……）; lead to（導(dǎo)致……）; prefer…to（相比……更喜歡……）; look forward to（盼望……）;
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 她深愛她的孩子。
2). 我們應(yīng)全力以赴地工作。
eys: 1). She is devoted to her children.
2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks.
2. vote v. 投票（決定）；選舉 n. 投票, 選票,表決, 得票數(shù)
[典例]
1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我們在上次的選舉中投了民主黨的票。
2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我們會先聽取雙方的論證后再作表決。
3). The votes are still being counted. 選票仍在統(tǒng)計中。
[重點用法]
vote down 投票否決；投票擊敗vote in 投票選出；選舉
vote through 表決通過put… to the vote 將……付諸表決
take/have a vote on 對……進行表決vote for/against 投票贊成/反對
[練習(xí)]用恰當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。
1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority.
2). Shall we take a vote the question?
3). The issue was put the vote.
4). Was the vote or the matter?
eys:
1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against
3. reward n. 報酬，獎金vt. 酬謝，給以報答
[典例]
1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是報酬很少。
2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一個獎勵報答我。
[重點用法]
in reward (for…) 作為（對……的）報酬、報答
give a reward to sb. for sth. 為……給某人報酬、賞金
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……報答、獎賞某人
reward sb. with sth. 用……報答、獎賞某人
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 她的善良沒有得到任何回報。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她向他報之以一笑。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
2). She rewarded him with a smile.
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
[典例]
1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作獲同等報酬。
2). All people are born equal. 人人生平等。
[重點用法]
be equal to 與……相等
be equal with 與……平等
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 一單位酒精等于半品脫啤酒。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他們認為，在上帝眼中窮人和富人是平等的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.
2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich.
5. advise v. 建議
[典例]
1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那個問題上，我給過你建議.
2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建議我們要盡可能多練口語.
3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe. 我建議你不要吃那些沒有熟的水果.
[重點用法]
advise sb. on sth. 就……給某人出主意advise +n. /pron. 建議……
advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人干……advise (one’s) doing sth. 建議（某人）干……
advise + (that) sb. (should) do
advice n. 建議；意見
a piece of advice 一條建議
go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人尋求建議；征詢某人的意見
give advice to sb. on sth. 就……對某人提供建議
follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建議
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 我建議換個方式。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我們建議他們應(yīng)該及早開始。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1).I'd advise taking a different approach.
2). We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early.
Ⅳ 重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1. be in prison 在獄中，被監(jiān)禁
[典例]
1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
他為黑人而戰(zhàn)且坐過三十年牢。
2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因為偷東西, 他曾在監(jiān)獄呆過5年.
[短語歸納]
put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄
The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷車賊都被關(guān)進監(jiān)獄了。
[練習(xí)] 用be, put, send, throw的恰當形式填空。
1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison.
2). The robber in prison for several years.
3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison.
4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car.
eys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put
2. out of work 失業(yè),出問題
[典例]
1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已經(jīng)失業(yè)幾個月了。
2). ary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 瑪麗的手機壞了好幾天了，這給她帶了很多不便。
[短語歸納]
in work 有工作
out of breath 上氣不接下氣 out of patience 不耐煩
out of use 沒用了 out of date 過時
out of order 次序顛倒；出故障 out of control 失控
out of danger 脫離危險 out of shape 變形
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見, 心不煩。
[練習(xí)]用適當?shù)慕樵~（短語）填空。
1). Although my computer is date now, but it’s still use.
2). After fours’ operation, the patient has been danger.
eys: 1). out of; in 2). out of
3. lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心
[典例]
1). He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失敗了許多次，但他并沒有失去信心。
2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千萬不要失去信心。
[短語歸納]
lose one's job 失業(yè) lose one's balance 失去平衡
lose one's breath上氣不接下氣 lose one's heart (to sb/sth) 愛上
lose one's life 喪生; 遇害 lose face 丟臉; 受屈辱
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 不要失去信心，一切都會好起的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys: 1). Don’t lose heart, all will turn out well.
2). She lost her heart to a young soldier.
V 重點句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）
1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
我們被置于這樣一種境地，或者是被迫承認我們低人一等，或者是與政府作斗爭。
[解釋] 這是一個主從復(fù)合句，in which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞position。
類似的名詞還有situation, stage, case等，作先行詞時，可用where引導(dǎo)定語從句
Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
拓展：
介詞+關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中充當時間、地點、原因狀語，相當于關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。
He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.
Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon.
The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 你能想起讓你尷尬的情形嗎？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他遲到的原因令人難以置信。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable.
新 標 第 一 網(wǎng)
2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。
[解釋]當only修飾狀語位于句首時，句子采用部分倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu), 將助動詞或系動詞提前，放在主語前。
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那時我們才決定以暴力對暴力。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
昨天他父親才把真相告訴他, 這對他真是個令人吃驚的消息.
Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對岸的人們聽到他的聲音。
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 昨天他父親才把真相告訴他, 這對他真是個令人吃驚的消息。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對岸的人們聽到他的聲音。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
eys:
1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
2). Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
單元自測 （模塊）
1完形填空
閱讀下面短，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
字數(shù)：214完成時間：14分鐘難度：**
On eeping a Diary in English
eeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is 21 and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we 22 to this practice, gradually, we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly 23 up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding 24 words and phrases to give 25 to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely 26 for us to put them into English properly. Surely, there are some other 27 we may come across in keeping a diary in English.
As far as I am concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a(n) 28 and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy 29 . Whenever something beats us, we can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also 30 to English teachers for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.
21. A. longer B. shorter C. thicker D. better
22. A. insist B. stick C. contribute D. refer
23. A. run B. bring C. come D. turn
24. A. approximate B. appropriate C. appreciative D. approachable
25. A. idea B. advice C. expression D. explanation
26. A. easy B. hard C. good D. bad
27. A. roadblocks B. methods C. ways D. objects
28. A. pen B. backpack C. eraser D. notebook
29. A. hand B. sight C. reach D. ability
30. A. run B. turn C. fly D. oppose
答案：
21．B．下提到需要更少的時間，所以應(yīng)該是比較短而不是更長或者更厚，這里沒有比較質(zhì)量問題，所以不可能是“更好”。
22．B．考察動詞短語。根據(jù)意義，應(yīng)該用stick to表示堅持。insist on堅持；contribute to對……有貢獻；refer to參考；談到；涉及。
23．A. 考察動詞短語。run up against遭遇<困難)；bring up撫養(yǎng)；come up against面對；遭到……的反對。
24．B．根據(jù)上提到的寫英語日記的困難，應(yīng)該是“在找合適的詞語時會有困難。”
25．C. 寫英語日記的目的是為了提高寫作技巧，提高自我表達能力，因此應(yīng)該是在找合適的詞語進行，自我表達。
26．B．這段話的大意是在談?wù)搶懹⒄Z日記的困難或者會遇到的問題，所以可確定答案是hard．
27．A. roadblocks障礙。從上和there are some other可以看出這里是說：還有其他的困難／障礙，重要的信息詞是：other。
28．D. 從下We can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary可以直接找到信息。
29．C. 根據(jù)句子的意義和搭配：within (one's) reach 可以確定選項。
30．B．turn to sb for help向某人求助。
2語法填空
閱讀下面短，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為31-40的相應(yīng)位置上。
字數(shù)：147完成時間：9分鐘難度：***
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is 31 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is 32 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 33 (disagree) in interest, and more groups and organizations 34 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 35 (mix) societies. 36 these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are 37 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 38 seems to be the same. And 39 conditions may not be satisfactory, 40 are at least customary and doubtless.
答案：
31．a(chǎn) 32．that 33．disagreements 34．with 35．mixed 36．All 37．fewer 38．everything 39．a(chǎn)lthough 40．they
本講的是不同種類的人融合在一起的社會較人們在許多方面具有相似觀點的社會變化更快：
31．a(chǎn)．指“一種”有各種不同人的混合型社會。
32．that在 the reason for／why…is that…句型中，習(xí)慣上用that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
33．disagreements．在there are后與ideas并列一定是名詞，且也要用復(fù)數(shù)表示“不同意見”。
34．with．指“具有”不同信仰的群體或組織。
35．mixed．因societies與mix是被動關(guān)系，用動詞的－ed形式作定語，表示“混合的”。
36．All．指上述提到的“所有”這些因素都會促使社會變化。
37．fewer．指在“人們在許多方面具有相似觀點的社會”較在“不同人混合的社會里”，人們覺得有必要改變的機會“更少”。
38．everything．everything在原因狀語從句中作主語，表示“一切、所有事情”。
39．a(chǎn)1though/ though．由前后兩個分句的邏輯意義可知填表示“盡管，雖然”的連詞。
40．they．指前面的conditions。
3閱讀理解
閱讀下列短，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
詞數(shù)：308難度： **時間：6 分鐘
Electrical devices (儀器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist ax Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person's knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers (起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version should be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Nearly twenty-five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person's back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
41. The second paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A. who developed the device
B. how the device works
C. several possible uses for the devices
D. how much electricity the device can produce
42. What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?
A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear.
B. It is too complex for people to use.
C. It will slow down one's walking speed.
D. It is too dear for most people to afford.
43. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device _______.
A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker
B. can produce more power in a much shorter time
C. needs to be equipped with a battery
D. can help the walker walk faster
44. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can _______.
A. help housewives operate the micro-wave oven
B. make it much easier for us to go online
C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome
D. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers
45. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. First device powered by walking will soon be on the market
B. Advanced technology brings in a neay to operate heart pacemakers
C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking
D. Human energy will become a main source of electricity
A 篇
科學(xué)家研制出一種固定在人膝蓋上的發(fā)電裝置。這種裝置可通過收集人走路時損失的能量發(fā)電。
41. B。段落大意題。第二段主要講了這種電子裝置的工作原理，即它是如何利用人步行發(fā)電的。
42. D。細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的it is too costly for most people to buy可知這種實驗版的設(shè)備費用太高，大多數(shù)人買不起。
43. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段可知，過去Larry Rome發(fā)明的設(shè)備雖然也是靠行走獲取能量，但是需要步行者背重達20到30公斤的負荷，而這種佩戴在膝蓋上的設(shè)備重量只有1.5公斤，不需增加步行者的太多負擔。
44. D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第3段the device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers可直接選出答案D項。A項中沒有涉及到，B項表述不科學(xué)，根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷C項表述錯誤。
45. C。歸納標題題。主要突出的內(nèi)容是這種新的電子設(shè)備使得利用人步行獲取能量變得輕松、容易。
4寫作訓(xùn)練
[寫作內(nèi)容]
一個英國中學(xué)生代表團訪問你校，你作為學(xué)生代表向訪者口頭介紹神舟七號發(fā)射的相關(guān)情況，介紹內(nèi)容要點如下：
1．神舟七號宇宙飛船于2008年9月25日晚上9：10分升空。
2．這是中國的第三次載人飛行。飛船成功地將三人小組送人太空，小組中的翟志剛進行了我國首次太空行走。
3．太空行走在北京時間2008年9月27日下午進行，持續(xù)大約26分鐘。之后宇航員返回地球。
4．這次太空飛行任務(wù)持續(xù)了四天，它將有助于中國掌握兩顆衛(wèi)星的對接技術(shù)(technology for，docking two orbiters)。
5．中國成為繼前蘇聯(lián)、美國之后世界上第三個能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)太空行走的國家。
6．我們?yōu)榇烁械津湴痢?br> [寫作要求]
只能使用5個句子表達全部內(nèi)容。開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出。
[評分標準]
句子結(jié)構(gòu)準確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。
Dear friends,
Welcome to our school！It' s a great honor for me to say something about China' s Shenzhou VII-spaceship.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you！
[答案]
Dear friends,
Welcome to our school ! It' s a great honor for me to say something about China' s Shenzhou VII spaceship. China' s Shenzhou VII spaceship took off at 9:10 pm on Sep 25, 2008. It was China' s third manned space journey, which successfully launched a three-man crew into the space where one of them, Zhai Zhigang, made China' s first spacewalk. On Sep 27, Zhai Zhigang successfully made a 26-minute spacewalk and then the astronauts returned to Earth. The 4-day journey is expected to help China master the technology for docking two orbiters. The success of Shenzhou VII has made China the third country in the world that has made spacewalk after the former Soviet Union and the USA, so we all take pride in it.
That' s all. Thank you !
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