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本部分將常用易混詞和詞組歸納為127例，進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的辨析，并舉例說(shuō)明，以便于考生掌握使用。以下這些詞大部分出現(xiàn)在大綱詞表上，考生應(yīng)在學(xué)習(xí)中特別注意加以區(qū)分。

(104)warning n. /remark v.&n. /notice v.&n. /advertisement n. /announcement n.

warning指為避免某種不良后果出現(xiàn)及時(shí)發(fā)出的的警告;remark指對(duì)人或事發(fā)出的有見(jiàn)解性的評(píng)論或觀后感;notice指較為正式的官方通告、通報(bào)或?qū)Σ皇煜で闆r者發(fā)出的警告;advertisement指發(fā)布廣告或大肆宣揚(yáng);announcement指宣告，發(fā)表，公告，使公開(kāi)知道的行為。

例：Because of her warning, I was careful.

由于她的提醒，我很小心。

It is rude to remark upon the appearance of other people.

對(duì)別人的外表評(píng)頭論足是粗魯?shù)摹?/p>

The school put us on notice for chronic lateness.

因經(jīng)常遲到學(xué)校將我們的名字公布在公告欄上。

The company made many advertisements on TV and radio to publicize their new products.

這家公司在電視和廣播上做了很多廣告來(lái)宣傳他們的新產(chǎn)品。

He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath.

他屏息靜氣地等待宣布競(jìng)賽結(jié)果。

(105)worth a. /worthy a. /worthwhile a. /valuable a.

worth多作表語(yǔ)用，指對(duì)某一用途有特殊價(jià)值的或相當(dāng)于多少價(jià)值，后接doing;worthy指有價(jià)值的、配得上的、與……相符相稱的，除在書(shū)面語(yǔ)體中用作定語(yǔ)外，一般作表語(yǔ)，后接of doing;worthwhile指值得花時(shí)間去研究或付諸實(shí)施的;valuable指某物具有實(shí)用性方面、交換方面或其他方面的價(jià)值、意即“有價(jià)值的”、“貴重的”。

例：I don’t think this book is worth reading twice.

我認(rèn)為這本書(shū)不值得看兩遍。

This novel is worthy of wide concern from the media/being widely noticed by the media.

這部小說(shuō)值得媒體給予廣泛的關(guān)注。

Do you think it is worthwhile to spend so much money carrying out this project?

你認(rèn)為花這么多錢來(lái)實(shí)施這個(gè)項(xiàng)目值得嗎?

valuable information重大的消息;valuable advice重要的建議

(106)a few/a little

兩個(gè)詞組都表示“少許，一些”。a few與可數(shù)名詞一起用;a little多與不可數(shù)名詞一起用。

例：A few people know it.

有幾個(gè)人知道。

Don’t worry, you still have a little time.

別擔(dān)心，你還有一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。

(107)a great deal/a great many

兩個(gè)詞組都表示“大量的，許多”。前者與不可數(shù)名詞一起用;后者與可數(shù)名詞一起用。

例：A great deal of work awaits us.

大量工作等著我們?nèi)プ觥?/p>

We have a great many things to do at present.

我們目前有許多事要做。

(108)(be/get/become)accustomed to/used to

be accustomed to表示“習(xí)慣于某事”;used to意為“曾經(jīng)做”。

例：Have you got accustomed to the weather here?

你已經(jīng)習(xí)慣這里的天氣了嗎?

He used to play guitar with my cousin.

他過(guò)去和我的表哥一起彈吉他。

(109)add to /add up to

add to表示“加到……，增加，增強(qiáng)”;add up to表示“總計(jì)，總起來(lái)看，意味著……”。

例：She added sugar to her tea.

她往茶里加了點(diǎn)糖。

The music added to our enjoyment.

音樂(lè)使我們更加愉快。

The money he spent add up to more than $2,000.

他一共花了2,000多美元。

Your long answer just adds up to a refusal.

你這么羅嗦的回答，意味著你將會(huì)被人拒絕。

(110)as well/as well as

as well的意思是“也，還”;as well as的意思是“不僅……，還”。

例：It has been a great grief for him as well!

這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)也是極大的悲慟。

She is a talented speaker as well as being a musician.

她不但是音樂(lè)家還是一個(gè)天才的演講者。

(111)at last/in the end

at last的意思是“最終，最后”，常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力后的最終結(jié)果;in the end的意思是“末尾，結(jié)尾，事情的最后時(shí)刻”。

例：At last I found my lost bicycle in a deserted house.

我終于在一所廢棄的房子里找到了我丟失的自行車。

I hope everything will turn out all right in the end.

我希望結(jié)束時(shí)一切順利。

(112)after all/at all

after all的意思是“畢竟”;at all的意思是“一點(diǎn)也(不)”。

例：Don’t be fussy about what he did. After all he is only a child.

別對(duì)他的所作所為太苛求，他畢竟還是個(gè)孩子。

I’m not at all interested in what he said.

我對(duì)他說(shuō)的話根本不感興趣。

(113)break out /break through/break down

break out意為“爆發(fā)，進(jìn)發(fā)”;break through意為“打破，沖破”;break down意為“拋錨，出故障，失敗”。

例：Riots and disorders have broken out.

這里已經(jīng)發(fā)生了騷亂與混亂。

He broke out laughing.

他突然大笑了起來(lái)。

The Allies sought to break through the German lines.

盟軍試圖突破德軍的防線。

Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against cancer.

科學(xué)家們希望在與癌癥的較量中盡早有所突破。

Our car broke down on our way to the village.

在去鄉(xiāng)下的路上，我們的車拋錨了。

Their negotiation broke down because neither side would compromise.

由于雙方都不讓步，他們的談判最終破裂了。

(114)at all cost/by all means/by means of

at all cost意為“不惜一切代價(jià)”;by all means意為“竭力，千方百計(jì)”;by means of意為“用……手段(方法、方式)”。

例：Mr. Jackson intended to save his son’s life at all cost.

杰克遜先生打算不惜一切代價(jià)搶救他兒子的生命。

We must get there by all meanings before he has a chance to break the news to her.

我們必須盡全力在他有機(jī)會(huì)把消息透露給她之前趕到那里。

The fisherman saved himself by means of a floating log.

漁夫靠一塊漂浮的圓木幸免于難。

(115)call for/call up

call for意為“來(lái)找人，要求，需要(采取行動(dòng))等”;call up意為“打電話，想起，征召入伍等”。

例：I’ll call for you at nine.

我9點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)探望你。

Success school calls for much hard work.

成功需要付出努力。

On reaching the city, she called up Lester.

一到達(dá)這個(gè)城市她就給萊斯特打電話。

He was called up for military duty.

他應(yīng)征入伍。

The picture of the Capitol called up memories of our class trip.

國(guó)會(huì)大廈的圖片使我想起我們班的旅行。

(116)come about/work out/figure out

come about意為“發(fā)生，造成”;work out意為“經(jīng)過(guò)努力做出，得出，算出”;figure out意為“想出，算出，弄明白”。

例：How did this dangerous state of affairs in Europe come about?

歐洲危險(xiǎn)的形勢(shì)是如何造成的?

I tried to figure out what he meant.

我想弄明白他的意思。

We must work out a better method of saving paper.

我們必須想出節(jié)約紙張的更好方法。

We must work out how we are going to do it.

我們必須想出該如何做這件事。

(117)come round/come to

come round意為“復(fù)原，蘇醒，恢復(fù)健康等”，round是副詞;come to意為“涉及，來(lái)到，蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺(jué)”，to是介詞，后面跟的consciousness等詞常省略。

例：The man was stunned, but he came round after a time.

那個(gè)人先是一愣，但很快便恢復(fù)了常態(tài)。

When it comes to mathematics, I’m all thumbs.

一提起數(shù)學(xué)，我是一竅不通。

She is unconscious now, but may come to at intervals.

她現(xiàn)在失去了知覺(jué)，但會(huì)時(shí)而蘇醒一陣兒。

(118)cut back/cut down

兩個(gè)詞組都有“削減，減少”的意思，可以互換使用。但有時(shí)cut back著重表達(dá)不再增加、部分收回或回到原水準(zhǔn)而造成的減少;而cut down則多指實(shí)際量上的減少。

例：The government has decided to cut back this year’s military expense.

政府決定削減今年的國(guó)防開(kāi)支。

I have decided to cut down my smoking.

我已決定減少吸煙次數(shù)。

(119)due to/owe…to…

due to意為“應(yīng)屬于……，由于……，因?yàn)?hellip;…”;owe to意為“歸功于……”。

例：A great deal of money is due to you.

一大筆錢應(yīng)屬于你。

His absence was due to the bad weather.

由于惡劣的天氣，他未能出席。

We owe everything to you, Doctor.

大夫，一切都應(yīng)歸功于你。

We owe this success to luck more than to capacity.

我們的成功主要是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣，而不單單是能力。

(120)face to/face up to

face to意為“面對(duì)，面臨，朝著”;face up to意為“大膽面對(duì)，勇于面對(duì)”。

例：The house faces to the east.

這所房子面朝東。

He faced up to his troubles manfully.

他勇敢地面對(duì)自己的麻煩。

(121)give up/give in

give up多指“放棄”;give in多指“認(rèn)輸，投降”。

例：She gave up her job to look after her invalid mother.

她放棄了自己的工作，回來(lái)照看自己有病的母親。

As neither of us would give in, the bargain fell through.

由于我們都不讓步，買賣終未成功。

(122)go over/go through

go over意為“檢查，審閱，復(fù)習(xí)”;go through除了與go over一樣可以表示“審閱，檢查”的意思外，還可以表示“做完，做一遍，翻找，搜尋”的意思。

例：Let’s go over every detail again. We’ll start work tomorrow.

咱們?cè)侔阉�有的�?xì)節(jié)過(guò)一遍，然后明天就開(kāi)始工作。

He went over his notes before the exam.

考試前，他將課堂筆記溫習(xí)了一遍。

Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.

母親把抽屜整個(gè)翻了一遍，尋找那件毛衣。

I’d like to have you go through the book.

我希望你能把這本書(shū)瀏覽一下。

Let’s go through the exercises.

咱們來(lái)做這些練習(xí)。

(123)hang on to/hold on to

hang on to意為“不肯放棄，專心在……上面，緊緊抓住不放”;hold on to意為“抓住不松手”，強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅(jiān)持。

例：There are some people who hang on to their jobs long after they should have retired.

有些人早到了退休年齡卻還一直在工作崗位上。

Hold on to my hand tightly while we cross this street.

過(guò)街時(shí)，抓緊我的胳膊。

Don’t panic, just hold on to that rock and I’ll come and save you.

別慌，抓住那塊石頭別松手，我這就來(lái)救你。

(124)in addition/in addition to

in addition意為“此外”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)前邊提到的事;in addition to也表示“另外，此外”，但常指在前面提及事情的基礎(chǔ)上的附加。前者相當(dāng)于副詞，后者相當(dāng)于介詞。

例：In addition to this subject, they also taught history and geography.

除了這門課,他們還教歷史和地理。

In addition, he was taught how to repair cars.

此外，人們還教他如何修小汽車。

(125)look into/see through

look into意為“調(diào)查，深入了解”;see through意為“看穿，識(shí)破”。

例：I’ve been looking into that case this week.

這周我一直在調(diào)查這個(gè)案子。

He could see through her lies.

他能識(shí)破她的那些謊話。

(126)so that/so…that

so that用于表示目的或結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句;so…that則用于表示程度的狀語(yǔ)。

例：Let’s try and arrange so that we can get there at one o’clock.

咱們來(lái)安排一下，這樣我們可以在一點(diǎn)鐘趕到那里。

One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest.

她的一側(cè)肺部受到一點(diǎn)感染，所以她需要休息。

He was so young that you must excuse him.

他太年輕，你必須原諒他。

So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day.

月亮真亮，照得這些花象白天一樣明亮。

(127)turn to/turn into

turn to多用來(lái)表示“轉(zhuǎn)向……，求助于”;turn into意為“轉(zhuǎn)變成……，變成”。

例：They always turn to me when they are in trouble.

一有麻煩，他們就來(lái)向我求助。

The first book to turn to on that subject is the Encyclopaedia.

關(guān)于這個(gè)題目，首先應(yīng)去查百科全書(shū)。

The sofa turns into a bed.