專題八 動詞及動詞短語
動詞詞義辨析
一、詞形轉換
1. (2017臨沂)Mary and Tony are a pair of pet pigs. The two have recently got a special license so that their ________ can take them for a walk.(own)
2. (2017鹽城)At the ________ of the concert, Tan Dun played a piece of music with water. (begin)
3. (2017煙臺)The artist doesn't paint for money but for his own ________. (please)
4. (2017玉溪紅塔區(qū)模擬)A good friend is a good ________. Let's make more good friends. (listen)
5. (2017曲靖一模)Kang Jian realized that Americans could hardly avoid ________ products made in China. (buy)
6. (2018原創(chuàng))In my opinion, doing some proper homework is necessary and________. (help)
7. (2018原創(chuàng))Smoking is ________ to teenagers. We should keep away from it.(harm)
8. (2018原創(chuàng))Email, as well as telephone, is playing an important part in our daily ________. (communicate)
9. (2018原創(chuàng))It is said that the boy took a parttime job as a________. (wait)
10. (2018原創(chuàng))It took the________ a month to get to the foot of the mountain.(climb)
11. (2018原創(chuàng))You should check your answers carefully before________ in your test paper. (hand)
12. (2018原創(chuàng))As a great________, Thomas Edison made a difference to our life. (invent)
13. (2018原創(chuàng))I am not satisfied with the service here. I want to speak to the ________. (manage)
14. (2018原創(chuàng))The teacher asked me to write an________ to my paper. But I didn't know how to start. (introduce)
15. (2018原創(chuàng))The old film always can ________ us many memories. (bring)
16. (2018原創(chuàng))I really enjoy________ when I am in a party. (dance)
17. (2018預測)The flowers need________. Let's water them. (water)
18. (2018預測)Linda was so careless that she cut her finger by a piece of________ glass. (break)
19. (2018預測)Emily is very________ about winning the first prize in the English speech. (excite)
20. (2018預測)It is________ that he finished the difficult task by himself. (believe)
二、短語翻譯
1. (2017曲靖一模)In Western countries, teenagers are allowed to ________________ at the age of eighteen. (搬出去)
2. (2017曲靖麒麟區(qū)二模)As teenagers, we should do what we can ________________to improve our environment.(采取行動)
3. (2017玉溪紅塔區(qū)模擬)I should believe that anything is possible if we ________________. (努力學習)
4. (2018原創(chuàng))My father suggests that we should ________________ for a change this weekend. (出去吃)
5. (2018原創(chuàng))I get up at six every morning, and________________ at seven. (吃早餐)
6．(2018原創(chuàng))I think________________ can bring us more advantages than disadvantages. Pets are just like our friends. (養(yǎng)寵物)
7. (2018原創(chuàng))The teacher warned the pupils not to ________________ on the thin ice. (滑冰)
8. (2018原創(chuàng))I couldn't help laughing when Lin Tao ________________ in class. (做鬼臉)
9. (2018原創(chuàng))I think it's a great idea that now people should ________________ plastic bags in some stores. (付款)
10. (2018原創(chuàng))Tommy is a clever boy and quick at thinking. He can always ________________ correctly in class. (回答問題)
11. (2018原創(chuàng))We should neither________________ onto the ground nor spit in public places. (扔垃圾)
12. (2018原創(chuàng))I find it necessary to ________________ the custom of a country before you go there. (了解)
13. (2018預測)Students should________________ listening to the teacher in class. (注意)
14. (2018預測)Let's ask Michael for help. I think he can ________________ a good idea about how to deal with this problem. (想出)
15. (2018預測)Clare used to collect cards, but now she likes to________________. (集郵)
三、單項填空
1. (2017重慶A卷)There are so many fish swimming in the pool. They ________ very happy.
A. taste B. smell C. sound D. look
2. (2017天津)When you break the rules, you should ________ to your teacher.
A. apologize B. introduce C. expect D. compare
3. (2017 安徽)It is necessary for schools to ________ the need of all the students' development.
A. cut B. hide C. refuse D. satisfy
4. (2017連云港)The newlyopened company ________ the local people with more chances to work.
A. gives B. provides C. offers D. shows
5. (2017淮安)—How long can a person ________ a shared bike(共享單車) for free in Nanjing?
—For an hour.
A. keep B. get C. borrow D. lend
6. (2017揚州)—What are you reading?
—A book about a baseball player. This guy was well ________ for his devotion to charity work.
A. enjoyed B. respected C. behaved D. expected
7. (2017青島)These oranges look nice, but ________ very sour.
A. feel B. taste C. sound D. look
8. (2017濱州改編)As a teacher, I really feel worried to see so many students ________ glasses.
A. wearing B. dressing C. putting on D. being in
9. (2017襄陽改編)—Great! Our women’s volleyball team ________ the gold medal in Rio Olympic Games on Saturday!
—Yes. We see the great spirit of Chinese women’s volleyball team once again!
A. won B. beat C. lost D. missed
10. (2017昆明五華區(qū)一模)We can ________ a word's meaning by reading the sentences before and after it.
A. guess B. admire C. repeat D. review
11. (2018原創(chuàng))—Did you ________ WeChat’s online red packet activity during the Spring Festival?
—Of course.
A. join B. share C. play D. have
12. (2018原創(chuàng))This kind of silk________ soft and smooth. I would like to make a dress with it.
A. smells B. sounds C. feels D. tastes
13. (2018原創(chuàng))Since the roads are very terrible, the journey ________ me a long time.
A. cost B. took C. paid D. spent
14. (2018原創(chuàng))Trust is the easiest thing in the world to________， so never try lying to the people who trust us.
A. lose B. share C. expect D. afford
15. (2018原創(chuàng))Look at this beautiful picture. Under the blue sky, the white snow ________ the green mountains.
A. hides B. covers C. reaches D. crosses
16. (2018原創(chuàng))—Tom, let’s hang out after school.
—Sorry. I have ________ Frank to work on the biology report with him.
A. advised B. expected C. promised D. allowed
17. (2018原創(chuàng))Susan ________ to wear clothes made of cotton. She thinks they are very comfortable.
A. dares B. prefers C. hates D. scares
18. (2018原創(chuàng))—I can’t find my keys! How can we enter the house?
—Maybe you ________ them in the car.
A. caught B. forgot C. took D. left
19. (2018原創(chuàng))If everyone ________ his love to others, the world will be more beautiful.
A. values B. loses C. gives D. ignores
20. (2018原創(chuàng))The famous singer ________ money for the homeless people last week.
A. kept B. borrowed C. raised D. saved
21. (2018原創(chuàng))—What kind of music do you like?
—Well, I like soft music. It ________ nice.
A. tastes B. looks C. feels D. sounds
22. (2018原創(chuàng))Teachers should ________ their students to practice speaking English as much as possible so that they can improve their oral English.
A. encourage B. introduce C. make D. keep
23. (2018原創(chuàng))—We’ll go to plant trees next week.
—Great! Planting trees is of great fun. I'd like to ________ you.
A. follow B. visit C. invite D. meet
24. (2018原創(chuàng))Knowing how to________ a map can help you when you are traveling in a strange place.
A. read B. watch C. look D. see
25. (2018原創(chuàng))I would like to take this chance to ________ my thanks to you, Miss Liu. Thanks for your help.
A. invent B. express C. describe D. explain
26. (2018原創(chuàng))Sometimes life isn't as perfect as we________. We must accept the disappointment in life, but we should never lose heart.
A. imagine B. finish C. mind D. know
27. (2018原創(chuàng))Lucy, put your medicine in a higher place, so your younger sister can't ________ it.
A. reach B. receive C. refuse D. arrive
28. (2018預測)—Congratulations! You are ________ to be a volunteer to the Children's Home.
—Thank you. I’ll try my best to help the disabled children.
A. chosen B. refused C. made D. wished
29. (2018預測)I usually ________ about two hours reading books every day, because reading enriches my mind.
A. cost B. pay C. take D. spend
30. (2018預測)—Would you please help me repair the computer now?
—Sorry. I’m too busy and I don't even have a minute to________.
A. spare B. think C. understand D. know
動詞短語
1. (2017重慶A卷)No one can be right all the time. When people make mistakes, we shouldn’t________them.
A. wait for B. send for
C. knock at D. laugh at
2. (2017河南)Don't know where your kids are in the house? Turn off the Internet and they'll________ quickly.
A. get up B. stand up
C. show up D. hurry up
3. (2017泰安)—Oh, my God! I have______five pounds.
—Don't worry. It's normal for a growing teenage girl.
A. put up B. put off
C. put on D. put down
4. (2017廣西四市)You should ________ your shoes before you enter the dance room.
A. take off B. put off C. get off D. fall off
5. (2017荊州)—What’s the news about?
—People near the lake didn't allow them to ________ a factory so as not to pollute the water.
A. look up B. put up
C. take up D. set up
6. (2017襄陽)In a soccer game, it's important for players to play together and ________ the best in each other.
A. hand out B. leave out
C. bring out D. take out
7. (2017岳陽改編)The government of China ________ the idea of A Belt and A Road in 2018年.
A. came up with B. cheered up
C. put up D. pick up
8. (2017昆明五華區(qū)一模)—I am afraid we just ________ paper.
—That's too bad. Let me get some more now.
A. warmed up B. brought up
C. ate up D. used up
9. (2017盤龍區(qū)一模)—Why does she look so tired today?
—It is because she________ late last night to prepare for the test.
A. set up B. stayed up
C. got up D. put up
10. (2017昆明官渡區(qū)一模)—Let’s listen to the weather report.
—OK. Could you ________ the TV a little? I can't hear clearly.
A. turn on B. turn off
C. turn up D. turn down
11. (2017大理統(tǒng)考)It's necessary for the phubbers(低頭族) to ________ the time they spend on their smart phones.
A. cut off B. cut in
C. cut down D. cut up
12. (2017曲靖一模)—Mom, what should I do next?
—Please help me ________ all the clothes on the bed.
A. come out B. try out
C. work out D. lay out
13. (2018原創(chuàng))A true friend will never________ from you when you're in trouble.
A. take away B. run away
C. put away D. give away
14. (2018原創(chuàng))The whole family ________ the missing dog for several days，but they couldn't find it anywhere.
A. waited for B. looked for
C. cared for D. left for
15. (2018原創(chuàng))Tell me the time when you will ________ the airport. I will tell my brother to pick you up then.
A. point at B. knock at
C. shout at D. arrive at
16. (2018原創(chuàng))I often ________ the lessons with my good friends. It is good for us to exchange some ideas with each other.
A. go over B. think over
C. turn over D. get over
17. (2018原創(chuàng))There was a fire in the hotel last Friday. Luckily, it was soon ________.
A. turned on B. turned off
C. put on D. put out
18. (2018原創(chuàng))To keep safe, please ________ the machine when anything goes wrong with it.
A. turn up B. turn on
C. turn out D. turn off
19. (2018原創(chuàng))I prefer to make friends and I choose my friends according to their characters and how we________.
A. get in B. get up
C. get on D. get off
20. (2018原創(chuàng))Some students often________their homework until the last minute.
A. cut off B. keep off
C. put off D. turn off
21. (2018原創(chuàng))—Why not ________ some of our old clothes to the poor children? They are in great need of them.
—Sounds great.
A. give away B. give up
C. give in D. give off
22. (2018原創(chuàng))Life is a journey with difficulties, but with care and wisdom you can________ any problem you face.
A. work out B. hand out
C. find out D. put out
23. (2018原創(chuàng))—Tom, I like J．K.Rowling very much. Do you know when her new novel will ________？
—Maybe next year.
A. come back B. come from
C. come on D. come out
24. (2018預測)He ________ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag.
A. picked up B. looked up
C. threw away D. handed in
25. (2018預測)The plane to Chengdu ________ just now. You have to wait until tomorrow.
A. took off B. took after
C. took out D. took away
動詞詞義辨析
一、1. owner 【解析】句意： Mary 和Tony是一對寵物豬。這兩頭豬最近得到了一份特殊的證件以至于它們的________能帶它們外出散步。根據句意可知是豬的主人， a pair of可知此處的兩頭豬的主人是同一個人，應該用單數。故填owner。
2. beginning 【解析】句意：在演唱會的開始，譚盾用水演奏了一首音樂。at the beginning of...在……的開始，為固定短語，故begin變?yōu)槊~形式beginning。
3. pleasure 【解析】句意：這位畫家畫畫不是為了錢，而是為了他自己的________。分析句子結構可知，空格處填名詞。根據提示詞可知填pleasure。
4. listener 【解析】句意：一個好朋友就是一個好的________。讓我們結交更多的好朋友吧。分析語境可知橫線處需要用一個指人的名詞作表語，根據所設空前不定冠詞a，可知此處名詞用單數，故填listener。
5. buying 【解析】句意：康健意識到美國人幾乎不能避免買中國制造的產品。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。故填buying。
6. helpful 【解析】句意：在我看來，做一些適當的功課是必要的和有益的。and連接并列成分，所以此處需填形容詞，且由句意可知是有用的。故填helpful。
7. harmful 【解析】句意：吸煙對我們青少年有害。我們應該遠離它is后需接表語，由提示詞可知應為harmful。be harmful to...對……有害。故填harmful。
8. communication 【解析】句意：電子郵件和電話一樣，在我們的日常交流中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。分析句子結構可知，形容詞daily應修飾名詞，故填communication。
9. waiter 【解析】句意：據說那個男孩兼職做服務生。根據空前a可知此處缺少名詞，且為單數形式，再由句意可知是當服務生。故填waiter。
10. climber 【解析】句意：登山者跋涉到山腳下花了1個月時間。分析句子結構可知空處缺少名詞作賓語，再由this可知用單數形式。故填climber。
11. handing 【解析】句意：你應該在交試卷之前仔細檢查一下你的答案。分析句子結構可知此處需填動詞，且位于介詞before之后應用動名詞，故填handing。
12. inventor 【解析】句意：作為一位偉大的________，托馬斯•愛迪生對我們的生活有很大影響。根據空前形容詞great可知此處缺少名詞，且由常識可知愛迪生是發(fā)明家。故填inventor。
13. manager 【解析】句意：我對這里的服務不滿意。我想要跟________談談。由句子結構可知，此處需填名詞。根據語境可知是指要找經理。故填manager。
14. introduction 【解析】句意：老師讓我為我的論文寫一個________。但我不知道如何開始。由句子結構可知，此處需填名詞作賓語。故填introduction。
15. bring 【解析】句意：老電影總是能帶給我們很多回憶。情態(tài)動詞can后跟動詞原形，故填bring。
16. dancing 【解析】句意：當我參加聚會時，我真的很喜歡跳舞。enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事。故填dancing。
17. watering 【解析】句意：這些花需要澆水，讓我們給它們澆點水吧。need doing sth.需要做某事(表被動)。故填watering。
18. broken 【解析】句意：琳達是如此不小心以至于她被一片碎玻璃劃破了手指。根據空后名詞glass可知此處缺少形容詞，且由句意可知是破碎的。故填broken。
19. excited 【解析】句意：在英語演講中贏得第一名，埃米莉激動不已。結合句意和主語Emily可知此處需用修飾人的形容詞excited。故填excited。
20. unbelievable 【解析】句意：他獨自完成了那項艱難的任務，真是________。分析句子結構可知is后缺少形容詞作表語，且由句意可知他獨自完成那項艱難的任務是令人難以置信的。故填unbelievable。
二、1. move out 【解析】句意：在西方國家，青少年在18歲時被允許搬出去住。move out意為“搬出去”，不定式符號to后面加動詞原形。故填move out。
2. to take action 【解析】句意：作為青少年，我們應該盡我們所能來采取行動去改善我們的環(huán)境。分析句子結構可知，空格處所填的短語“采取行動”在句中作目的狀語，應該使用動詞不定式形式。采取行動take action。故填to take action。
3. study hard 【解析】句意：我應該相信如果我們努力學習，任何事情都是有可能的。努力學習study hard。主語為we，該句為一般現在時，故填study hard。
4. eat out 【解析】句意：我的爸爸建議我們這周改變一下，出去吃。eat out出去吃，情態(tài)動詞should后面跟動詞原形。故填eat out。
5. have breakfast 【解析】句意：我早上六點鐘起床，七點鐘吃早餐。吃早餐have breakfast，根據every morning可知時態(tài)為一般現在時，主語為I，故無需變形。
6. keeping pets 【解析】句意：我認為養(yǎng)寵物利大于弊。寵物就像我們的朋友一樣。養(yǎng)寵物keep pets，分析句子結構可知此處缺少主語，應用動名詞短語做主語，且表示泛指某一件事，故填keeping pets。
7. go skating 【解析】句意：老師警告學生不要在薄冰上滑冰。滑冰go skating，warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事，故填go skating。
8. made a face/faces 【解析】句意為：當林濤在課堂上做鬼臉時，我情不自禁地笑了起來。做鬼臉make faces，根據couldn't 可知用一般過去時，故填made a face/faces。
9. pay for 【解析】句意：在一些商店里，人們現在要為塑料袋付款，我認為這是一個好主意。付款pay for，should后跟動詞原形，故填pay for。
10. answer questions 【解析】句意：湯米是個聰明的男孩兒并且他思維敏捷。他總是能夠正確地回答課上的問題。回答問題answer question，且根據情態(tài)動詞can可知無需變形。課堂上肯定不止一個問題，應用復數形式，故填answer questions。
11. throw litter 【解析】句意：我們既不應該把垃圾扔到地上，也不應該在公共場所吐痰。扔垃圾throw litter，情態(tài)動詞should后接動詞原形，故填throw litter。
12. learn/know about 【解析】句意：我覺得在你去一個國家之前了解這個國家的風俗習慣是有必要的。了解learn/know about，it是形式賓語，動詞不定式是真正的賓語，to后接動詞原形。故填learn/know about。
13. pay attention to 【解析】句意：學生在課堂上應該注意聽講。pay attention to注意，情態(tài)動詞can后跟動詞原形。故填pay attention to。
14. come up with 【解析】句意：讓我們找邁克爾幫忙吧。我認為他能想出一個解決這個問題的好辦法。come up with想出，情態(tài)動詞can后跟動詞原形。故填come up with。
15. collect stamps 【解析】句意：克萊爾過去常常收集卡片，但現在她喜歡集郵。集郵collect stamps，like to do sth.喜歡做某事。故填collect stamps。
三、1. D 【解析】考查感官動詞詞義辨析。句意：池子里有許多魚在游。它們________非常開心。taste嘗起來；smell聞起來；sound聽起來；look看起來。分析句意及聯(lián)系語境可知，魚自由自在地在池子里游，看起來非常開心，故選D。
2. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當你違反規(guī)定的時候，你應該向你的老師________。apologize道歉；introduce介紹；expect期待；compare比較。根據句意和常識可知，違反規(guī)定了，就應該向老師道歉，故選A。
3. D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對于學校來說，________所有學生發(fā)展的需求是有必要的。cut切斷；hide隱藏；refuse拒絕；satisfy滿足。由句意推知，這里指的是“滿足所有學生的發(fā)展需求”。故選D。
4. B 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這家新開的公司為當地的人們________更多的工作機會。gives給予，常用于give sb. sth.或give sth. to sb.結構；provides提供，常用于provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.結構；offers提供，供給，常用于offer sb. sth.或offer to do sth.結構；shows展示，常用于show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb.結構。根據句意及空后的with可知此處應用provides。故選B。
5. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“一個人在南京可以免費________共享單車多久？”“一個小時。”keep保有；get得到；borrow借入；lend借出。根據For可知應填延續(xù)性動詞。故選A。
6. B 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“你在讀什么？”“有關一位棒球運動員的書。這個人因為致力于慈善事業(yè)而很________。”enjoyed喜歡；respected尊敬；behaved行為；expected期望。分析語境可知此處表示這個運動員因為致力于慈善事業(yè)而受到尊敬。故選B。
8. A 【解析】考查近義動詞辨析。句意為：作為一名教師，看到這么多的學生________眼鏡，我確實感到擔憂。wear穿戴，表狀態(tài)；dressing穿，表動作；putting on穿，表動作；being in后加顏色，表示穿什么顏色的衣服。wearing glasses戴眼鏡，為固定搭配。故選A。
7. B 【解析】考查感觀動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些橘子看起來很好，但是________很酸。feel 感覺；taste 嘗起來；sound 聽起來；look 看起來。由sour一詞可以得知taste符合語意，故選B。
9. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“太棒了！我們女排在周六的里約奧運會上________金牌！”“是的。我們再一次看到了偉大的中國女排精神！”won表示贏得比賽、名次、獎牌； beat后跟競爭對手，打敗某人或某隊； lost表示輸了比賽，或輸給某人； missed表錯過或想念。根據空格后的“the gold medal”可知選A。
10. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過閱讀單詞的前后句子我們可以________一個單詞的意思。guess猜測；admire仰慕，欽佩；repeat重復；review復習。根據句意可知此處是指猜測的一個單詞的意思，故選A。
11. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“春節(jié)期間你________微信紅包活動嗎？”“當然。”join參加；share分享；play玩耍；have有。根據句意可知參加紅包活動。故選A。
12. C 【解析】考查感官動詞詞義辨析。句意：這種絲綢________又軟又滑。我想用它做件裙子。smells聞起來；sounds聽起來；feels感覺；摸起來；tastes嘗起來。根據句意可知是摸起來，故選C。
13. B 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因為路況非常糟糕，這次旅行________很長一段時間。cost 的主語通常是事或物(包括形式主語 it)，不能是人；take 的主語可以是事或物(包括形式主語 it)，也可以是人； pay 的主語只能是人；spend 的主語也只能是人。cost 的賓語補足語通常是錢；take 的賓語通常是時間；pay的賓語補足語只能是錢；而spend的賓語則可以是時間、錢或精力。本句中主語為物，后跟時間，故選B。
14. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：信任是這個世界上最容易________的東西。因此永遠不要嘗試著對信任我們的人撒謊。lose丟失，輸掉；share分享；expect期望；afford支付得起。根據語境并結合常識可知此處表示最容易失去。故選A。
15. B 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看這幅美麗的畫。在藍藍的天空下，白色的雪________青山。hides隱藏；covers覆蓋；reaches到達；crosses穿過。由句意可知，應該是白色的雪覆蓋著青山，故選B。
16. C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“湯姆，我們放學后一起去逛吧。”“抱歉，我已經________弗蘭克和他一起寫生物報告。”advised建議；expected期待；promised承諾；allowed允許。根據語境可知，此處指已經承諾別人了，promise sb. to do sth.承諾某人做某事，為固定搭配。故選C。
17. B 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：蘇珊________穿棉質衣服。她認為它們穿著很舒服。dares敢；prefers更喜歡；hates討厭；scares害怕。因為棉質衣服舒服，因此蘇珊更喜歡穿它們。故選B。
18. D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“我找不到我的鑰匙了！我們怎么進家門呢？”“你可能把它們________車上了。”caught抓住；forgot忘記；took拿，取；left丟下，落下。根據語境可知應是將鑰匙落在車上了，故選D。
19. C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果每個人把他的愛________別人，世界將變得更美好。values珍惜；loses丟失；gives給予；ignores忽視。根據語境可知用gives，即“如果每個人把他的愛獻給別人，世界將變得更美好。”，故選C。
20. C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：上周，這位著名的歌手為無家可歸的人________錢。kept保存；borrowed借；raised籌集；saved節(jié)省。根據常識，歌手通常以舉辦音樂會的形式為無家可歸的人籌款，故選C。
21. D 【解析】考查感官動詞詞義辨析。句意“你喜歡哪種音樂？”“我喜歡輕音樂。它________美妙。”tastes嘗起來；looks看起來；feels感覺起來；sounds聽起來。分析句意并結合常識可知，歌曲應該是聽起來很美妙，故選D。
22. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：老師們應該________他們的學生盡可能多地練習說英語，以便可以提高他們的英語口語(水平)。encourage鼓勵；introduce介紹；make使；keep保持。根據句意可知應是老師鼓勵學生說英語，故選A。
23. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“下周我們將要去植樹。”“太棒了！植樹很有趣。我想________你們。”follow跟隨；visit參觀，拜訪；invite邀請；meet遇見。根據語境可知應是想要跟隨一同前往去植樹，故選A。
24. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當你在一個陌生的地方旅行時，知道如何________地圖可以幫助你。read 閱讀，看(書、報紙、雜志等)；watch 觀看(比賽、電影、電視等)；look 看(強調動作)；see 看見(強調結果)。看地圖應該用“read a map”來表示，故選A。
25. B 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我想利用這個機會向您________我的感謝，劉老師。謝謝您的幫助。invent發(fā)明；express表達；describe描述；explain解釋，說明。根據句意可知應是表達感謝，故選B。
26. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有時候生活不是和我們________中的一樣完美。我們必須接受我們生活中的失望，但是我們永遠都不應該喪失信心。imagine 想象；finish 完成；mind 介意；know 知道，懂得。分析句意可知此處是指生活并不像“我們”想像得那么完美。imagine符合題意。故選A。
27. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：露西，把你的藥放在一個更高的地方，這樣你的妹妹就不能________它。reach 到達，夠得著；receive 收到；refuse 拒絕；arrive 到達，不及物動詞。由語境可知，把藥放在更高的地方后，妹妹就夠不著了，故選A。
28. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“祝賀你！你被________為兒童之家的一名志愿者。”“謝謝你。我將會盡我最大的努力幫助殘疾兒童。”chosen 選擇；refused拒絕；made 制造，使得；wished 希望。由答語“Thank you. I'll try my best to help the disabled children.”可知是被選中去當志愿者，故選A。
29. D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我每天通常________大約兩個小時讀書，因為閱讀充實我的思想。四個選項都有“花費”的意思，當表示“某人花費多少時間做某事”時，用句型“sb.＋spend＋時間/金錢＋doing＋sth.”，故選D。
30. A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意“請問你現在能幫助我修理電腦嗎？”“對不起，我太忙了，甚至沒有一分鐘________。”spare分出，空出；think認為；understand理解；know知道。根據語境可知是沒有一分鐘是空出來的，A項符合語境。故選A。
動詞短語
1. D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：沒有人總是正確的。當人們犯錯誤的時候，我們不應該________他們。wait for等待；send for召喚，派人去請；knock at敲；laugh at嘲笑。分析句意并結合常識可知，人無完人，不應該嘲笑犯錯誤的人，故選D。
2. C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：不知道你的小孩在房間哪里？關掉網絡，他們就________了。get up起床；stand up站起來；show up出現，露面；hurry up趕快。根據句意可知此處指出現、露面。故選C。
3. C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：“哦，天哪！我________了5磅。”“別擔心。對于一個正長身體的青少年女孩來說是正常的。” put up舉起，搭建；pick up撿起；put off 推遲；put on增加，穿上；put down 放下，寫下。put on weight 增加體重，為固定搭配。故選C。
4. A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你應該________你的鞋子在你進入舞蹈室之前。take off 脫下，起飛；put off 推遲；get off下車；fall；off掉落。抓住“dance room”和“shoes”關鍵詞可知此處指“脫掉”。故選A。
5. D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意“新聞講的是什么？ ”“湖周圍的人們不允許他們________工廠來污染水。”look up向上看；put up張貼，舉起；take up從事；set up建立。根據句意可知此處指的是不允許建造工廠，故選D。
6. C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在一場足球比賽中，球員一起踢球并________每個人的最佳狀態(tài)是重要的。hand out分發(fā)；leave out遺漏，忽略；bring out拿出來，使顯現，使表現出；take out拿出。根據句意可知此處指帶出、激發(fā)最佳狀態(tài)。故選C。
7. A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：中國政府在2018年就________“一帶一路”的想法。came up with想出；cheered up 使……高興；put up張貼，舉起，搭建。根據語境可知此處表達中國政府在2018年就提出了“一帶一路”的想法。故選A。
8. D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意“恐怕我們的紙張________。”“那太糟糕了。讓我現在去多買一些。”warmed up熱身，變暖；brought up提出，教育；ate up吃光；used up用光，用盡。結合空后paper及答句“get some”可知此處“用光”符合語境，故選D。
9. B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意“為什么她今天看起來如此累？”“那是因為她昨晚________為考試做準備。”set up建立；stayed up熬夜；got up起床；put up舉起。根據她看起來如此累可知她昨晚熬夜了，故選B。
10. C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意“咱們一起聽天氣預報吧！”“好的。你能把電視聲音稍微________嗎？我聽不清楚。”turn on打開；turn off關掉；turn up調大；turn down調小。根據答語的I can't hear clearly可知應是把電視聲音開大點，故選C。
11. C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：對于低頭族來說，________他們花在智能手機上的時間是有必要的。cut off切除；cut in插入；cut down減少；cut up切碎。根據空前提及低頭族可知本句應是指減少花智能手機上的時間，故選C。
12. D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意“媽媽，接下來我應該做什么？”“請幫我把所有的衣服________在床上。”come out開花，結果，出版；try out試驗，選拔；work out解決出，計算出；lay out展開，陳設。結合語境可知是把衣服在床上鋪開。D項符合語境，故選D。
13. B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：一個真正的朋友決不會在你有困難的時候________你。take away帶走；run away離開，逃跑；put away放好，收起來；give away損贈。根據句意可知此處指的是離開你。故選B。
14. B 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。全家都________丟失的狗好幾天了，但他們在哪里都找不到它。waited for等待；looked for尋找；cared for喜歡；關心；left for動身，前往。根據句意可知此處指尋找。故選B。
15. D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：告訴我你________飛機場的時間。到時候我讓我哥哥(弟弟)去接你。point at 指向；knock at敲；shout at 沖……大聲叫嚷；arrive at 到達。結合句意可知是指到達機場。故選D。
16. A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我經常和我的好朋友們一起________功課。對我們來說，相互交流一下想法是好的。go over 復習；think over 考慮；turn over 翻轉；get over克服。分析句意可知此處是復習/重溫功課。故選A。
17. D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這個旅館上周五發(fā)生了火災。幸運地是，火很快被________。turned on打開；turned off關掉；put on穿上，張貼；put out熄滅。根據句意可知是火被熄滅了，故選D。
18. D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：為了保證安全，當機器出現故障時，請關掉它。turn up調大；turn on打開；turn out證明，結果是；turn off 關掉。根據句意可知是關掉機器，故選D。
19. C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我更喜歡交朋友并且我根據他們的性格以及我們如何________來選擇朋友。get in 進入；get up 起床；get on相處；get off 下車。根據句意應為如何相處。故選 C。
20. C 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：一些學生經常________他們的作業(yè)到最后關頭。cut off切除；keep off使……不接近，回避某話題；put off推遲；turn off關掉。根據句意可知此處指推遲。故選C。
21. A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意“為什么不把我們的一些舊衣服________給窮孩子？他們真的很需要它們。”“聽起來不錯。”give away捐贈；give up放棄；give in讓步，屈服；give off發(fā)出，長出。根據句意可知是將舊衣服捐贈出去，故選A。
22. A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：生活是一場充滿困難的旅行，但是有了細心與智慧，你能________你所面對的任何問題。work out解決；hand out分發(fā)；find out發(fā)現；put out熄滅，出版。根據句意可知是你能解決問題。故選A。
23. D 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意“湯姆，我非常喜歡JK羅琳。你知道她的新小說什么時候________？”“也許明年吧。”come back回來；come from來自；come on快點；come out出現，出版，發(fā)行。根據句意可知，應該是她的新小說什么時候出版。故選D。
24. A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他________一片廢紙，并放進垃圾袋。picked up撿起；looked up查閱；threw away扔掉；handed in上交。根據句意可知是撿起廢紙，故選A。
25. A 【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：飛往成都的飛機剛剛________。你不得不等到明天。took off起飛；took after相像；took out出去，發(fā)泄；took away帶走，拿走。根據句意可知是飛機起飛。故選A。
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