必修一
Unit 1 Friendship
單元要點預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點）
詞匯
部分詞語
辨析1. ignore / neglect / overlook
2. cheat / fool
3. calm / quiet / silent / still
4. join / join in / take part in / attend
詞形
變化1. ignore vt. 忽視ignorance n. 無知ignorant adj.無知的
2. dusk n. 黃昏; 傍晚dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的
3. add v. 添加; 增加addition n. 加, 附加additional adj. 添加的;附加的
重點
單詞1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的；不適的 vt. (upset, upset)
2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系
3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解決
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷
5. disagree vt. 不同意
重點
詞組1.add up合計
2.go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受
3.on purpose 故意
4.get along with 與某人相處；(工作的) 進(jìn)展
5.in order to 為了……
重點句子1. other asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do …
3. … it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
重點語法直接引語和間接引語 （見語法部分）
語言要點(模塊)
Ⅰ.詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. ignore / neglect / overlook
【解釋】
ignore 通常指有意不顧，或不理會顯而易見的事物。
neglect 側(cè)重指有意的忽略或忽視，也可指粗心與疏忽。
overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或視而不見。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
○1We could not afford to _________ such a serious offence.
2). He utterly ________ my warnings and met with an accident.
3). Don’t ________ paying him a visit now and then.
答案: 1). overlooked2). ignored 3). neglect
2. cheat / fool
【解釋】
cheat 主要指盈利的買賣中或游戲競賽中欺騙人，騙取人的錢等。
fool “愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常識，心理脆弱欺騙人。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time.
答案:1). cheated2). fool
3. calm / quiet / silent / still
【解釋】
calm 天氣、水、水面（表風(fēng)平浪靜）；（指人時）表示鎮(zhèn)定自如。
quiet 表“寧靜”、“安靜”、“寂靜”，側(cè)重沒有響聲，沒有噪音和沒有動靜。指人時側(cè)重性格溫和，靜。
silent 表“沉默”、“不發(fā)言”、“不說話”，常常表示人不愛說話，沉默無語。
still “不動的”，指人時側(cè)重一動不動，；指物時指完全沒有聲音，突出靜止不動。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Please stand __________ while I take your photo.
2). Why do you keep __________?
3). Everything was ___________.
4). He remained ___________ in the face of the enemy.
答案: 1). still2). silent3). quiet4). calm
4. join / join in / take part in / attend
【解釋】
join 表示參加組織、黨派、團(tuán)體、軍隊、俱樂部等
join in 表示參加游戲、活動等；join sb. (in sth.) 表（和某人一起）做某事
take part in表示參與、參加討論、游行、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、斗爭、運動、慶祝等
attend 主要指出席、參加會議、婚禮；聽講座、、報告、音樂會等；上學(xué)、教堂
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Can I ___________ the game?
2). Did you ____________ the fighting?
3). He __________ the army last year.
4). A lot of people __________ her wedding.
答案: 1). join in2). take part in3). joined 4）attended
Ⅱ.詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）
1. ignore vt. 忽視ignorance n. 無知ignorant adj.無知的
2. dusk n. 黃昏; 傍晚dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的
3. add v. 添加; 增加addition n. 加, 附加additional adj. 添加的;附加的
【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1) I can't __________ his rudeness any longer. (ignore)
2) To say you were ________ of the rules is no excuse. ( ignore)
3）We are in complete ___________ of your plans. (ignore)
4）There is ____________ light inside the cave. (dusk)
5）The street lights come on at ____________ and go off at dawn. (dusk)
6）any words have been ____________ to this edition of the dictionary. (add)
7) They've just had an ____________ to the family. (add)
8) There are _____________ charges. (add)
答案: 1) ignore2)ignorant3) ignorance4) dusky
5) dusk6) added7) addition8) additional
Ⅲ.重點詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的；不適的 vt. (upset, upset)
[典例]
1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一把我們周末的安排給打亂了。
2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要難過--并沒有造成傷害。
3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他為她的病而憂心忡忡。
4). The students really upset her. 學(xué)生們著實讓她煩惱。
[重點用法]
be upset by… 被…… 打亂
upset oneself about sth 為某事煩惱
[練習(xí)] 用upset的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Is it ______ you, dear?
2). She felt rather ______ on hearing the news.
3). Is it an ______ message?
4). Don’t be ______. It will be O.
答案: 1). upsetting2). upset3). upsetting4).upset
2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系
[典例]
1). The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。
2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。
3). That's no concern of mine. 那不關(guān)我的事。
[重點用法]
as / so far as … be concerned 關(guān)于；至于；就……而言
be concerned about 關(guān)心
be concerned at / over sth. 為某事憂慮
be concerned in sth. 牽涉到，與……有關(guān)，參與
[練習(xí)] 用concern的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). There is an article that _______ the rise of the prices.
2). The children are rather _____ about their mother’s health.
3). Officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs.
答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with
3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居，安家；解決
[典例]
1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安頓在車廂的一個角落里。
2). The family has settled in Canada. 這家人已定居加拿大。
3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 雙方都愿意捐棄前嫌。
[重點用法]
settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下 settle in 在…定居
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 都十一點了，她安不下心工作。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2). 題目這么難，誰能解決？
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). It’s eleven o’clock now, but she cannot settle to work.
2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷
[典例]
1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常頭痛嗎?
2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遺忘癥。
[重點用法]
suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛? 不適? 悲傷等; 受苦; 吃苦頭:
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1).我們在金融危機中損失慘重。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2).他的腳痛得不得了。
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
2). He suffers terribly with his feet.
5. disagree vt. 不同意
[典例]
1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有時意見不一。
2). We disagreed on future plans. 我們對未的計劃產(chǎn)生了分歧。
[重點用法]
disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的觀點[某人的話/某人的決定]
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 羅馬的報道與米蘭的不符。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他不同意讓我早些回家。
______________________________________________________________________________________
ey: 1). The reports from Rome disagree with those from ilan.
2). He disagreed to let me go home early.
Ⅳ.重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1. add up 加起
[典例]
1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.
把你的得分加起，看看你能得幾分。
2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?
湯姆，10，20和5加起是多少？
[短語歸納]
add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中
add up to … 加起是
[練習(xí)] 用add的適當(dāng)形式或構(gòu)成的詞組填空
1). Will you _____ some more students to this project?
2). Small numbers _____ a large one.
3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100.
答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added
2. go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受
[典例]
1). The country has gone through too many wars. 這個國家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。
2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近經(jīng)歷了一段困難時期。
[短語歸納]
go after追求，追趕go ahead前進(jìn)；請說（做）吧
go by走過，（時間）過去go along with向前，（與……）一起去
go in for愛好，從事 go out外出；（燈，火）熄滅
go over越過；復(fù)習(xí) go up爬上，（價格等）上升
[練習(xí)] 用go 構(gòu)成的詞組填空
1). It is wise not to ____ with this plan.
2). Prices ______ a little no People are happy.
3). Anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself.
4). I am tired. I want to _____ no
答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed
3.on purpose 故意，有目的地
[典例]
The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.
那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想嚇一下杰克。
[短語歸納]
do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事on purpose 表示故意地、有企圖、有目的地
[練習(xí)]用 purpose的相關(guān)詞匯填空
1). He didn’t do it ______.
2). What was your ____ ?
答案: 1). on purpose2). purpose
4. get along with 與某人相處；(工作的) 進(jìn)展
[典例]
1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是個隨和的人，很難相處。
2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作進(jìn)展如何？
[短語歸納]
get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 與……相處得好/不好，……進(jìn)展順利/不順利
get away離開，逃離get down下；寫下，取下
get down to (doing)開始認(rèn)真干……get over克服，擺脫
get through通過，做完 get together聚集
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 你現(xiàn)在和同事相處得好不好?
______________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她已重新獲得從前那份工作。
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues?
2). She's got her old job back.
6.in order to… 為了……（可置于句首或句中）
[典例]
1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 圖的是得個好座位。
2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建議是為了不讓她傷心。
[短語歸納]
in order that…以便……（后跟句子）so that…以便……（后跟句子）
so as to為了……（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1．他早早動身好按時到達(dá)。
2．她拼命干以便能到6點時把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。
答案: 1．He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time.
2. In order to get everything ready by 6 o'clock, she worked hard.
Ⅴ.重點句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）
1. om asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.
媽媽問她穿那么多衣服是不是很熱。
[解釋] with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：
with + 賓語+ v. ?ing / v. ?ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases
由“介詞with+賓語+賓語補足語” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條等，另外，該結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作為定語使用。下面簡述幾種情況：
1) 如果在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞表示的動作是由前面的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的，構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，該分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
2) 如果分詞表示的動作與前面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，該分詞用過去分詞形式。
3) 賓語補足語也可以使用介詞短語，形容詞或副詞充當(dāng)。
[典例]
1.with + 賓語 + 副詞，如：
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on).
With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty.
2.with + 賓語 + 介詞短語，如：
The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand).
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes).
3.with + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞，如：
With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy.
4.with + 賓語 + 過去分詞，如：
With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved.
With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger.
5.with + 賓語 + 不定式，如：
With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), we're sure to have a pleasant journey.
With r Smith to teach them English next term（= As r Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
[練習(xí)] 中譯英：
1. 那房子昨晚發(fā)生火災(zāi)，結(jié)果里面的東西都燒光了。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 下學(xué)期史密斯先生教他們英語，他們的口語會大有提高。
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. 隨著冬天的到，天氣越越冷。
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：1. The house caught a big fire last night , with nothing left in it.
2. With r Smith to teach them English next term , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
3. With winter corning, the weather is becoming colder and colder.
2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水帳……
[解釋] as引導(dǎo)的從句為比較狀語從句，意為“像大多數(shù)人那么做”。
as 用作連詞，可引導(dǎo)下列狀語從句：
1). 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，強調(diào)主句謂語動詞與從句謂語的同時性
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
隨著他年紀(jì)越越大，他失去了對所有事物的興趣，除了園藝。
2). 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然，即使”（從句需倒裝）
Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 盡管天氣冷，我哥只穿了一襯衫。
3). 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“以……方式”。
Why didn’t you take the medicine as I told you to? 為什么你沒有按我說的服這藥？
4). 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 (=since; because)，“由于，因為”。
As you were not there, I left a message. 因為當(dāng)時你不在那，所以我給你留了便條。
5) 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。
She is as tall as you. 她和你一樣高。
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1. 隨著年齡的增長我越越對科學(xué)感興趣。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但考試還是沒及格。
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案： 1. As l get older l get more interested in science．
2. As it is raining hard，you'd better put on your raincoat．
3. Hard as he worked，he failed in the exam．
3. It is/was the…time that… ……第幾次……
[解釋] that從句中的謂語動詞一般用完成時態(tài)。
1). It is the first time that he has heard this song.
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1.這是他第二次中國。
2．這是我第一次舉辦畫展。
———————————————————————————————————————————
答案： 1. It is the second time that he has come to China.
2. It was the first time that I had held an art exhibition.
要點(模塊)
Ⅰ.詞匯等填空（旨在復(fù)習(xí)本中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）
根據(jù)內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：
Anne Frank is a 1 （猶太的）girl who lived in Netherlands during the World War II. Her family had to 2 or they would be caught by the 3 （德國的)Nazis. During the time in the 4 （隱匿的）place, Anne set down a 5 （系列）of facts in a diary . Anne made her diary her best friend 6 she could tell everything to and in the diary she showed us 7 she 8 （經(jīng)歷）during the war.
答案：1. Jewish2. hide3. German4. hiding5. series6. whom7. what 8. went through/ experienced
Ⅱ.大意概括 （旨在訓(xùn)練用30個單詞概括大意的能力）
閱讀，試著用30個單詞概括大意或翻譯下面短。
安妮，一個整日躲在家中的猶太女孩，在二戰(zhàn)期間堅持寫日記。她把日記作為最好的朋友；在日記中她實現(xiàn)了過上正常的生活的渴望。
The story is about Anne_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案： Anne , a Jewish girl hiding at home all day round, kept a diary during the World War II . She regarded the diary as her best friend, and in it she revealed her desire for a normal life.
Ⅲ.佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對難句的理解和寫作能力）
1.【原句】I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事情都無比狂熱。
[模仿要點] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： wonder ＋if 表語從句 ＋ so …that從句
【模仿1】我不知道是否因為我的鹵莽使得史密夫先生對我這么生氣。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：I wondered if it was because I was so rude that r Smith was so angry with me.
【模仿2】他在想是否因為她的朋友對她很關(guān)心所以她的心情才平復(fù)下。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：He wonders whether it is because her friends are so concerned about her that she has calmed herself down.
2．【原句】I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定語從句) 我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空，鳥兒的歌唱，月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我到這里，這一切都變了。
[模仿要點] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： It is/was a time when …There is /was a time when…This/That is/was a time when…
【模仿1】我還記得這對他說是一個艱難的時期，他遭受到了身心的打擊。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：I can well remember it was a hard time when he suffered a lot physically and mentally.
【模仿2】在中國歷史上,曾經(jīng)有過一段時期中國鼓勵與世界其他國家進(jìn)行貿(mào)易。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：In Chinese history, there was a time when China encouraged trade with the rest of the world.
3. 【原句】It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 這是我一年半以第一次目睹夜晚。
[模仿要點] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： It is/was the first (second…) time that sb + 現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時：這是某人第幾次做某事
【模仿1】這是我們第一次面對面地談?wù)摰竭@事情。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is the first time that we have talked about this issue face to face.
【模仿2】這是他第二次參與怎樣解決這個問題的討論。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：It was the second time that he had joined in the discussion about how to do with the problem.
單元自測 （模塊）
1完形填空
閱讀下面短，掌握其大意，然后從1—10各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
字?jǐn)?shù)：215完成時間：15分鐘難度：***
The recent milk crisis around the country has seen liquid milk sold by three leading companies contaminated (污染) with melamine (三聚氰胺).
elamine is a chemical that is usually used to make plastics, but is 1 in the food industry. It was put in the milk to make milk appear rich in protein in 2 tests.
Tests of last Thursday showed that products from 22 of the 109 milk food firms have 3 the quality tests of the General administration of Quality supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ( 國家質(zhì)檢總局). 24 of the 1,202 batches批次 of liquid milk were contaminated. Besides Hebeibased Sanlu Group, the firms whose products are contaminated include such 4 giants as the Yili and engniu groups. All the bad milk will be 5 and destroyed.
However, scientists were quoted as saying the contamination level in liquid milk did not pose a big threat to people's 6 . Even milk with the highest concentration of melamine is 7 for a 60-kilogram or heavier adult if he or she drinks up to 2 liters a day.
The administration has ordered a thorough investigation into all the firms with 8 and said quality control officers would be sent to all 1,500 dairy farms in the country to carry out 9 .
So next time you buy milk, take a look at its 10 name.
1. A. banned B. encouraged C. added D. admitted
2. A. quantity B. quality C. blood D. industry
3. A. passed B. refused C. stood D. failed
4. A. sports B. jewellery C. dairy D. medicine
5. A. recalled B. transformed C. reevaluated D. replaced
6. A. sight B. brain C. health D. intelligence
7. A. helpful B. harmful C. safe D. normal
8. A. crimes B. conclusions C. possibilities D. problems
9. A. plans B. inspections C. promises D. orders
10. A. brand B. pattern C. label D. edition
答案
1. A 據(jù)下“被三聚氰胺污染的牛奶在質(zhì)量檢查中是不合格的”可知三聚氰胺是禁止在食物中使用的。
2. B 顯然這里是指質(zhì)量檢查。
3. D 據(jù)上下及意境可知，這些奶制品在未能通過質(zhì)檢。
4. C 伊利、蒙牛公司是制奶業(yè)界的巨頭。
5. A 所有問題牛奶將被回收（recall）和銷毀。
6. C 這里是整體而言，對人們的健康不會構(gòu)成威脅，而不是對人體的某個部位。
7. C 既然對人們的健康不會構(gòu)成威脅，那就是安全了。
8. D 要檢查的當(dāng)然是有問題的牛奶了。
9. B 派出官員對牛奶場進(jìn)行檢查(inspections)。
10. A 下次買牛奶時,記得看一下所購買的品牌(brand)。
2. 語法填空
閱讀下面短，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為1-10的相應(yīng)位置上。
詞數(shù)：165完成時間：9分鐘難度：**
Liu Xiang was the first Asian 1 (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens. 2 that he became an idol to the young people.
“I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic 3 .” said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese 4 for Asia. y race went 5 (wonderful) from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is 6 amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for 7 their help. I think today we Chinese have showed the world we 8 run as fast as anybody else.”
Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang 9 (be) at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. But Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job. For me, it’s 10 I love.”
[答案]
本主要介紹了著名運動員劉翔因奪得110米跨欄冠軍而聞名于世。
1. to win 不定式做后置定語。
2. After 劉翔奪得110米跨欄冠軍之后，成了年輕人的偶像。
3. record 他打破了記錄。
4. but 固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
5. wonderfully 修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞。
6. an 用于元音前。
7. all 他想感激他的教練和朋友們對他的幫助。
8. can 根據(jù)句意得知。
9. has been 從句中有since，主語往往用完成時態(tài)。
10. what 表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，作love的賓語。
3. 閱讀理解
閱讀下列短，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
詞數(shù)：287完成時間：7分鐘難度：***
Americans are pound of their variety- and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform ?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax- deductible ( 可減稅的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
1. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality ___________.
A. still judge a man by his clothes
B. hold the uniform in such high regard
C. enjoy having a professional identity
D. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
2. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform ____________.
A. suggests quality work
B. discards his social identity
C. appears to be more practical
D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
3. The chief function of a uniform is to ___________.
A. provide practical benefits to the wearer
B. make the wearer catch the public eye
C. inspire the wearer's confidence in himself
D. provide the wearer with a professional identity
4. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _____________.
A. are usually helpful
B. have little or no individual freedom
C. tend to lose their individuality
D. enjoy greater popularity
5. The best title for this passage would be ____________.
A. Uniforms and Society
B. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
C. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
答案：
第一段提出制服在美國受歡迎的現(xiàn)象，第二段說了一個主要論點——制服的好處，第三段說的是實際 好處，第四段說的是反對的論點——制服的缺點，第五段說的是實際問題：
1．答案是B．第一段第一句yet轉(zhuǎn)折后面就是答案：Hold．．．in regard和respect是同義轉(zhuǎn)換：
2．答案是久答案對應(yīng)在第二段，People ．．．expect superior quality．．.。認(rèn)為穿制服的水平更高。D錯在混淆了superior的目標(biāo)，不是人，而是quality，所以不對：
3．答案是D．在第二段最后，提到制服的主要功能是什么：A是實際的好處，而不是主要功能。
4．答案是C，在第四段。制服的一個主要缺點。
5．答案是n的主題是討論了制服的優(yōu)缺點。
4. 基礎(chǔ)寫作
你是李萍，請根據(jù)下列表格的提示，你用英語寫一篇短，介紹我國2008北京奧運冠軍張怡寧的基本情況。
[寫作內(nèi)容]
姓 名張怡寧出生年月1982年10月5日 出生地 北京
經(jīng) 歷身高1.68米體 重 52kg
1. 6歲開始學(xué)習(xí)乒乓球。
2. 1999年的45屆世乒賽顯示非凡的實力，僅負(fù)于王楠，獲得了亞軍。
3. 2004的雅典奧運會上奪取了金牌，并在浙江蕭召開的國際世乒賽上又戰(zhàn)勝了王楠，成為乒乓球領(lǐng)域的頂尖高手。
4. 2008屆北京奧運會的金牌得主。
[寫作要求]
1．只能使用5個句子表達(dá)全部內(nèi)容；
2．中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱。 ．
[評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]
句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。
[寫作向?qū)
1．時態(tài)：張怡寧過去參加比賽的經(jīng)歷應(yīng)該用一般過去時，對她現(xiàn)在的評論應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
2．可用詞匯與句型：the 2004 Athens O1ympic Games 2004雅典奧運會，the 45th Table Tennis World Championships 45屆世乒賽，the gold medal金牌。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
I like to introduce a woman Pingpong player to you. Her name is Zhang Yining, who was born in Beijing and is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos, and she began to play table tennis at the age of six. In 1999, she won the second at the 45 th Table Tennis World Championships, only lost to Wang Nan While in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, she won the first. oreover she won the women's singles at the ITTF World Cup in Xiaoshan, Jiejiang, where she beat Wang Nan. In fact, she has already become the top of the table tennis field. In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, she beat Wang Nan again and got the gold medal.
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